/ 1 


■ 


1 

RIFLE 


GALLERY 


fl 


IE 


ITS 


CONSTRUCTION AND USE 




FOR 

s c 


THE NATIONAL GUARD, 
HOOLS AND CLUBS 


A L 

O N 


S O A C 
REVOLVER 


H A P T E R 
SHOOTING 






B Y 








JAMES E. 


B ELL 

'■ ■ ■ 


MAJOR 
O F R 


AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
IFLE PRACTICE 


DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MILITIA 



Trice Ten Cents 



THE 


RIFLE GALLERY 


ITS CONSTRUCTION AND USE 


FOR 
S C H 


THE NATIONAL GUARD, 
L S AND CLUBS 


A L 

ON 


SO A CHAPTER 
REVOLVER SHOOTING 




BY 




JAMES E . BELL 


M A J ( ) R 
OF R 


AND INSPECTOR GENERAL 
IFLE PRACTICE 


DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MILITIA 



"■T 






THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS. 

Two Copies Received 

SEP 3 1903 

Copyright Entry 

CLASS £L XXc No 

COPY B. 



Copyright 1903 

Laflin & Rand Powder Company 

New York.N. Y. 



•••••• • • • a 



George A. Wolf 
Wilmington, Delaware 



PREFACE. 

The author claims no originality in the prepara- 
tion of this book, but he takes a justifiable pride in 
the work and is actuated by highly patriotic motives 
in presenting it to the soldier and the instructor, 
believing it will accomplish much good in leading to 
the restoration of our country to its old time pres- 
tige for marksmanship, and in giving to the present 
and rising generation a confidence in themselves, 
which cannot result otherwise than in making this a 
strengthened and invincible nation. 



THE RIFLE GALLERY 

As a first proposition I take the broad grounds 
that a soldier who does not know how to shoot the 
rifle with which he is armed, is out of place in a 
military company. And secondly, that every soldier 
should be provided with means for practice and 
development as a marksman, which if he neglects 
or fails to use so as to demonstrate his right to be 
known as a soldier, he should be discharged, in the 
interest of the service ; as he would be worthless in 
time of need. 

A soldier once protested against being required to 
fire a score on the range, saying that he did not join 
the National Guard for the purpose of shooting ; he 
only wished the drill exercises. That man was out 
of place at that time, and would be much more so 
now, as the drill and other military duties have given 
place largely to rifle practice, which circumstances 
have forced to the front. 

The mastery of the rifle is the great desideratum, 
consequently it becomes our duty to encourage the 
soldier in every manner calculated to develop him in 
becoming expert in its use. 

When he has arrived at that point or degree of 
skill which it is the intention he should, he is in a 



6 The Rifle Gallery 

position to command the respect and admiration of 
all good citizens, as he is equipped to prove himself 
a tower of strength in case of his country's need. 

Very few men are born marksmen. Nearly every 
man may become one if he will devote the time 
necessary to perfect himself in the art of rifle shoot- 
ing. 

It is the intention of this work to place in posses- 
sion of Company officers whose commands are not 
provided with the means of training their men to 
become real soldiers, information which will enable 
them to construct a rifle gallery, with but slight ex- 
pense ; and how to maintain it ; also to furnish 
every detail as to its equipment, and, after it is 
ready for use, to tell in the plainest language how to 
train the soldier to become expert in the use of the 
rifle, which he can do if he will faithfully observe 
the rules laid down and persevere in the drills pre- 
scribed for that purpose. 

The entire field covered by the instruction of the 
soldier in the matter of rifle practice is one of in- 
terest and pleasure, as it appeals most strongly to 
the individual on account of its competitive features, 
and holds him more closely than any other branch of 
the routine work to which he is assigned. 

In selecting a room for gallery practice, endeavor 
to obtain one between 50 and 75 feet in length. 
One hundred feet will be better if it can be had. 
The width is not material except where a number of 
targets are used. It is assumed that a company will 
have use for not more than four targets, and upon 
that assumption the gallery will be constructed and 
equipped. 

The Bureau of Ordnance, War Department, fur- 
nishes cast iron target-plates, measuring 20 by 30 
inches in size, which weigh about 100 lbs. The 



Its Construction and Use 7 

miniature targets proper occupy the centre of this 
space, and are 8^ by 10 inches, with the bullseye 
i^ inches in diameter, back of which is bolted an 
iron bell. 

These targets may be obtained on requisition 
through the proper channel or can be purchased for 
the sum of $2.91 each. 

These miniatures represent the "A" target 
used on the range and the values of the shots on them 
are the same. The bullseye counts five, the 
centre four, the inner three, and the remainder of the 
target two. The greatest value is given to the shot : 
that is, a shot striking in the four ring or centre, 
which barely cuts the edge of the bull is counted 
five. 

For determining the value of a shot on an iron 
target, the officer conducting the practice should be 
provided with a gauge the exact size of the 
caliber of the rifle with which to measure doubtful 
shots which spread over the line, covering a space 
much larger than the size of the ball. The centre or 
impact of the shot is plainly discernible and by 
means of the gauge is easily given its proper value. 

In locating the targets, if against a solid wall, I 
would advise a backing of two inch pine, faced with 
^ inch boiler iron to cover at least one foot above 
and below the target plates. 

In screwing or bolting the targets in position, 
they should be provided with two pieces of 2 x 4 
pine, to be placed perpendicularly under and on each 
side, for the purpose of holding them away from the 
backing to allow space for the bell at the rear of the 
bullseye. 

Place the targets with 8 inches of space between 
them. This will make the space between the bulls- 
eyes 28 inches, and the entire space covered by four 



8 The Rifle Gallery 

targets and backing, 4 feet 6 inches wide by 10 feet 
in length. 

This is supposed to cover sufficient space to catch 
all of the shots which may be fired by the most in- 
experienced marksmen. 

If it be found desirable to reduce the cost of the 
backing, the entire space need not be covered with 
iron. Five strips, 8 inches wide by 2 feet 6 
inches in length to screw between the targets, and 
strips I foot wide and 10 feet in length for top 
and bottom will answer as well. If the latter plan 
be adopted, it will be best to cut holes back of the 
targets through the wood backing to admit the bells, 
and screw the targets directly to the wood without 
the use of the 2x4 pieces of pine. 

If it is the intention to use in connection with 
these targets, one for volley firing, as shown in Plate 
C, it will be necessary to use ^ inch boiler iron over 
the entire surface and have the targets hinged for 
lowering as hereinafter described. 

It is important to provide good light for the tar- 
gets, as most, if not all, of the shooting will take 
place at night. 

For this purpose use a board 1 ^ inches thick, 12 
inches wide and 10 feet long, suspended or in some 
manner held in place, about 5 feet in front and over 
the targets, at an angle to throw the light on them. 

On the side next to the targets, the gas pipe or 
electric wires should be placed with the necessary 
connections for the lights, or if oil lamps be used, 
for the proper and safe attachment of the lamp 
holders. 

Assist the light by the use of tin reflectors, as 
those of glass are liable to be broken by the splash 
from the bullets. If electric lights are used, protect 
the globes by fine wire screens. 



Its Construction and Use 9 

When a bullet strikes a target it is with such force 
that it splashes and the lead is thrown in a spinning 
direction, rendering it dangerous for any one to be 
near on either side ; therefore as a matter of precau- 
tion I would advise the placing of a ^ inch pine 
board, 12 inches wide, over the top and at the 
two sides of the targets to catch the splash. This 
may prevent possible accidents. 

That portion of the lead which rebounds is in no 
way dangerous or annoying to the shooter. 

The targets having been located and arranged as 
suggested, with the lights properly protected, are 
ready to be given their white coating which will 
show the location of the shot. For this purpose 
white zinc has been found to be the most desirable 
as it makes a smooth white surface and dries quickly. 
Mix it in a paint pot or tin cup and apply with a 
brush. Give it several coats, until thoroughly 
covered, after which it will require only an oc- 
casional full coat. It is not necessary to wait for 
the zinc to dry, after having marked out the shots 
on the target. The practice may be continued with- 
out interruption. A cup for mixing bone or ivory 
black, will also be necessary, for use in blacking the 
interior of the bullseye, marking out the shots and 
making it a plainer object for aim. 

If the room selected for gallery practice is to be 
used for other purposes, or it is not deemed desirable to 
attach the backing and targets permanently to the 
wall, they may be mounted on a frame 10 feet in 
length by 6.6 feet high, with a backing substantially 
as described above, with the exception that openings 
be made back of each target of sufficient size to per- 
mit the bells to pass through, permitting the target 
plates to be screwed flat against the backing. The 
frame to be constructed so as to be mounted on 



lO 



The Rifle Gallery 
Plate A. 




\Z7 ^^ 

Plate A - End view. 




Its Construction and Use ii 

wheels or casters that it may be moved and used in 
any desirable position in the room. The protection 
shield for the lights is made part of the framework. 
See plate A. 

The dimensions for the backing described in both 
cases above are made ample upon the supposition that 
the range or distance to be fired over will be at least 
75 feet in length. If, however, it be 40 feet or 
less, the iron plates on which the targets are cast are 
ample in size to stop any shot fired at them and the 
top and bottom strips of boiler iron need not be 
used, but the pieces should be placed on each side 
and between the targets. The reduction in size and 
weight of the equipment will be desirable particularly 
in case of it having to be moved. 

Another method of -arranging the targets and back- 
ing is to have the combination built so as to be sus- 
pended by wire ropes with fall and tackle which will 
admit of being raised or lowered. 

This is desirable on account of permitting the 
bullseyes to be brought more nearly to the level of 
the shooter when practicing the sitting and prone 
positions. Plate B. 



Plate B. 



Its Construction tuid Use 13 

Plate C is a view of a part of the rifle gallery of the 
National Guard of the District of Columbia which 
is located in a room 90 by 55 feet, and is pre- 
sented for the purpose of showing the details and 
target arrangement for volley firing. The volley 
target which is nearly 12 feet in length, is fully ex- 
posed by lowering targets 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, which 
are hinged to the floor, the hinges being attached to 
the wooden supports to which the targets are 
fastened. The targets are held in position when up 
by screw eyes attached to the back of the targets and 
the backing, through which an iron pin passes. The 
firing in this gallery is over a range 75 feet in 
length. 

The volley target consists of i ^ inch black 
line, representing the bullseye, on either side 
of which there is a white line 5>^ inches in width. 

This target is painted and is permanent and the 
shots are marked out as on the gallery target. 
There are only two values for volley shots. Those 
which strike the black, count five, and those in the 
white, above and below, count four ; all others are 
misses. Volleys are fired kneeling and the practice 
consists of three volleys fired at the commands, time 
limit 40 seconds. The Company record and per- 
centage is obtained by multiplying the number shoot- 
ing by 15, the possible score for each man, and 
dividing the product by the actuaf value of all shots 
which count. For instance, 20 men fire three volleys, 
making a total of 60 shots, 300 being the possible. 
They make 20 bulls = 100, and 30 centres = 120. 
100 120= 220 : 20 = 1 1 as the individual aver- 
age, and 220.00 : 300 = 73.3 being the percentage 
of Company. 

The manner of equipping a gallery with iron tar- 
gets having been fully described, we will now tell 



14 The Rifle Gallery 

how one may be more economically fitted out by 
using paper targets. 

The Ordnance Department manufactures for the 
Army a gallery target, X, with a i Yi inch bullseye, 
which is listed at $5. 10 per thousand, with white or 
black pasters at 5 cents per thousand. These may 
be obtained by applying through the proper channels 
at the prices indicated. 

The Dennison Manufacturing Company, with 
offices in New York, Boston, Cincinnati, Chicago, 
and St. Louis, also furnish an Armory target, 
designated as No. 8, which is 8 by 12 inches, with 
a bullseye i 5-16 inches, at a cost of $6.00 per 
thousand, and the necessary black and white pasters 
at 40 cents per thousand. 

A better way to supply the targets is to have them 
printed at some local printing office. The type can 
easily be made from a target as a pattern. Have 
them printed on a cheap quality of cardboard (No. 
70 pulp), as this will be of sufficient stiffness not to 
require pasting to a backing. 

If the target is 8 by 12, the cardboard should be 
about 10 inches by 14 inches, leaving a margin, to 
assist in locating shots fired by inexperienced marks- 
men. Holes should be made in the upper corners of 
the targets through which wire hooks pass to sus- 
pend them from the top of the target frame. In 
using the paper targets, the backing or ball catcher 
must be of wood, as the splash from the ball which 
strikes iron will cut through the paper unless at least 
6 feet away. 

The penetration of a ball from a gallery charge is 
about I inch in solid pine, therefore at least 2 
inch stuff should be used, covering a space of about 
4 by 10 feet, with the centre or space immediately 
back of each target, about 18 inches square, covered 



Its Construction and Use 



15 



by nine pieces of 6 inch wood beams, cut in cubes, 
placed with the ends faced out. These can be 
made to fit in the backing and will be found to be a 
good and inexpensive ball catcher, as all of the lead 
will be preserved and it can be cast into bullets or 
sold. A box filled with dirt or sand will be found a 
cheap and easy way to provide a backstop. The 
boards immediately back of the bullseye will require 
renewing frequently when dirt is used, as it sifts 
through the holes from being beaten out by each suc- 
ceeding shot. 

The frame for carrying these targets, while made 
on the same plan of that for the iron (Plate B), need 
not be so substantial nor more than 5 feet 6 inches in 
height. It should be covered with white cotton the 
same as target frames for range work. The strip need 
not be more than one yard wide, tacked across the 
frame. It will be easier to paste the small targets 
on paper, than upon the cotton ; therefore the cotton 
should be covered with a heavy manilla paper. 

If cardboard targets are used, no covering whatever 
will be necessary, the targets hanging suspended by 
wires, as the ball passes through so quickly that a 
hit does not disturb the target, making a clean hole 
which can be covered with a white or black^paster as 
the value of the shot requires. 

Plate D. 





© 


- L 


© 


— 


(•); 


- - 


@ 


- 




[]— 







— 













^\ 



1 6 The Rifle Gallery 

One advantage in the use of paper targets is that 
they may be preserved and certified with the name 
of the soldier and the date on which any particular 
score was made. It will be found a source of 
pleasure and will incite rivalry, when the soldiers 
have grown to be experts, to preserve the targets 
bearing evidence of skill and display them in a con- 
spicuous place in the Armory. 

It will be well to offer two prizes, one to the 
soldier making the best score in ordered, and the 
other for the best in voluntary practice during the 
month, with the targets displayed in a frame under 
the heading of ''Champion Scores." 

Targets for ordinary practice are useful so long 
as the pasters do not obliterate the lines which show 
the value of the shots, but they should be discarded 
for competitive purposes when they are past giving 
the soldier the correct values. 

It is sometimes not practicable to construct a 
gallery on the inside of a building, but the surround- 
ings may admit of one being located so that a funnel 
or box shaped tube of the proper length can be built, 
leading out of one of the windows of the Armory to 
where the targets are to be placed. Generally, 
galleries of this kind have but one target, but it may 
be constructed so as to admit of two. If the tube 
does not lead to a natural covering, one must be 
provided, leaving space for the markers and ball 
catcher or bullet stop, lights. Sic. &c. I advise the 
use of paper targets in galleries of this kind, as the 
splash from the bullets striking iron would be liable 
to injure the markers. 

A marker will be required at each target to signal 
the value of the shots as they are made, which he 
can do with disks, as is done on the out of door 
ranges ; a white disk denoting a bullseye or 5 ; a red 



Its Construction and Use 17 

disk a centre or 4; a white disk with a black cross, 
an inner or magpie, 3, and a black disk an outer, or 
2, with a waive of the red disk across the target to 
denote a miss. 

The marking disks should be 2, 4 or 5 inch 
circular pieces of metal or wood painted with red on 
the back of the white, and the black disk with white 
on the reverse side, bearing a black cross. These 
should be attached to the end of a three foot rod. 

The shots on the target should not be pasted out 
until the score is finished 

Practice should be conducted so as to include all 
positions on the range, therefore it will be necessary 
to construct a substantial shooting stand or platform 
of the requisite height and size to admit of the 
soldier firing his scores in either the sitting, kneel- 
ing or prone positions. 

It is hardly probable that any one will consult this 
book for the purpose of building a rifle gallery 100 
yards in length under cover, as outside of large 
cities where they are provided in the construc- 
tion of Armories they are rarely found, but where it 
is possible they should be had, as practice at the 
longest attainable range is sure to prove the most 
beneficial. 

Since the introduction of smokeless powder and 
high power guns, every good soldier is bent on 
attaining the highest proficiency in marksmanship, 
therefore the 100 yard range is sought for as more 
nearly approaching the out of door distances and 
conditions. 

For this class of practice the round ball will not 
prove to be accurate. The best results are obtained 
with the 120 grain bullet of either the Hudson or 
Kephart pattern, using 8 grains of "Unique" or 9 
grains of ''Sharpshooter" powders, manufactured by 



1 8 The Rifle- •Gallery 

the Laflin & Rand Powder Company. The 7-12 or 
8>^ U. M. C, or the No. 3 W. Winchester primer 
should be used. 

With this combination some remarkably fine work 
can be done with the . 30 cal. Springfield Rifle ; 
groups of from 2 to 3 inches frequently being made 
by the experts. 

The four inch bullseye is the regulation size for 
this distance. 

The only question of light for the gallery thus far 
treated relates to that for the targets, and in this 
connection let me emphasize the necessity for it being 
plentiful and bright. 

In the gallery of the N. G., District of Columbia, 
all lights are extinguished during practice save those 
at the targets. After the preliminary instructions 
have been given and the soldier has taken his posi- 
tion on the firing line, the scores are fired out of the 
darkness. 

Once accustomed to this manner of firing it will 
be found to be preferable for night shooting, as the 
sights stand out clear and well defined on the white 
targets. 

If it is deemed best to use lights near the firing 
line let them be to the rear and over the head of the 
soldier, otherwise if it is not evenly distributed on 
the sights it will cause irregular shooting. 

No thought has been given to the location of win- 
dows in the gallery, as the work done by the National 
Guardsman will be principally at night, but should 
the reflection from outside lights interfere, it should 
be cut off by the use of curtains or blinds. 

The gallery having been equipped with targets, 
backstops, lights, cups, brushes, white zinc, ivory 
black, disks and pasters, it is now time to fit up the 



Its Construction and Use 19 

loading room with the necessary tools for furnishing 
the ammunition to be used in practice. 

The following lists issued by the Ordnance De- 
partment, United States Army, contain nearly 
everything required to equip this branch of the busi- 
ness, showing cost of the several tools. If the outfit 
cannot be obtained on requisition, they may be 
purchased through the proper official channels at the 
prices indicated. 

LIST OF TOOLS FOR RELOADING CALIBER .30 GALLERY- 
PRACTICE CARTRIDGES 

This set of tools comprises the following articles 
(shown on page 20). 

1. Priming tool, without spindles. 

2. Primer extracting spindle, with 5 extra pins. 

3. Primer inserting spindle. 

4. Charger, hand reloading (capacity 5 grains 
black powder). 

5. Loading anvil. 

6. Loading die. 

7. Loading punch. 

8. Ball mould (5 balls). 

9. Melting ladle (for lead alloy or lubricant). 

10. Pouring ladle (for filling ball mould). 

11. Strainer (for lubricating balls by dipping in 
melted Japan wax). 

12. Brush wiper. 

13. Brass wiping rod (for cleaning fired cases, dies, 
etc.). 

14. Brass mouthpiece or funnel (for use with brush 
wiper and charger). 

Tools Nos. 2, 12, 13, and 14 constitute, when 
necessary, a separate set, in a paper box, for decapping 
and cleaning service caliber .30 fired cases before 
turning them into Frankford Arsenal. Total cost 



Tools Foji Deoapf/ng/InoGl^/jn/ng G/iLJO-F/ff^oC/js^s 

/jAJO — 

F[£L0/iD/N6 G/IL30-G/JLUffY FR/tCTfO^G/l/^W/OO^S. 




/or?<f/fiio/inaf sect/or;. Zp^ 6S.no 



i "l ii^w^ 






r^ 


— prifning too/. 

-primer exfrActinjf S/"ic//e 


&- 


c - 


inS6Ttin(f 


d- 


- S-frd^ine-r 


e- 


- Tn&ltirt(f /Ad&l 


/- 


-Ar^&S n/p/ng rod. 
- - mouth pt&ce' 


<?- 


^/t.- 


-pour/n<f /d'del 


7, - 


-Charger S^r^. 


•i- 


-SruSA. mpc-r. 


-be,.// mo/d. 


V- 


-/ot^diTiif puftc-h.. 


n - 


— ' d-nh/i/. 


V- 


—t^&&emb/ed CArfr/dfe. 



Its Cotisti'uction and Use 21 

of set, including paper box, $0.59. If necessary, the 
case can be decapped by inserting the spindle in it 
and striking the butt of the latter on a bench or 
block, but when the priming tool is available the de- 
capping is done with it and the spindle. 



BILL OF MATERIALS FOR 1,000 CALIBER .30 GALLERY-PRACTICE 
CARTRIDGES 

1,000 gallery cartridge cases, unprimed ....... ^12.11 

1,000 cartridge primers 1.07 

1,000 round balls, lubricated .75 

7 ounces "Unique" Smokeless, at ^2.00 per pound ... .88 

Total ^14.81 

One-fourth pound Japan wax, at 8^ cents per pound, will lubricate 
1,000 round balls. 



PRICE LIST OF TOOLS — .30 CALIBER RIFLE 

1. Priming tool, without spindles 

2. Priming extracting spindle, with 5 extra pins .... 

3. Primer inserting spindle 

4. Charger, hand reloading (capacity 5 grains black powder) 

5. Loading anvil 

6. Loading die . 

7. Loading punch 

8. Ball mould (5 balls) 

9. Melting ladle (for lead alloy or lubricant) 

10. Pouring ladle (for filling ball mould) ; . 

11. Strainer (for lubricating balls by dipping in melted Japan 

wax) 

12. Brush wiper 

13. Brass wiping rod (for cleaning fired cases, dies, etc. ) 

14. Brass mouthpiece or funnel (for use with brush wiper and 

charger) 

"Wood box 



84 
26 
18 
10 
20 
25 

ID 

1Z 

n 
06 

06 
09 
13 

10 
80 



Total ^9-63 



HAND RELOADING TOOLS. 

'ADJUSTABLE CHARBCR 




rOR RIFLE &. CARBINE 

•! . . . .1 

li J To 



Its Construction and Use 23 

DESCRIPTION OF HAND TOOLS FOR RELOADING SMALL- 
ARMS CARTRIDGES, WITH INSTRUCTIONS FOR 
THEIR CARE AND PRESERVATION 

(CONDENSED FROM ORDNANCE NOTES NOS. 1 14, 23I, AND 322) 
PRICE LIST OF TOOLS — .45 CALIBER RIFLE 

The set of hand tools, model 1883, consists of: 

I Combination anvil J? -75 

I Brush- wiper .17 

I Adjustable charger .60 

I Reloading and crimping die, for rifle and carbine shell . . 1.55 

I Reloading and crimping die, for revolver shell .... 1.25 

I Resizing die, for rifle and carbine shell 2.00 

I Resizing die, for revolver shell i.oo 

I Drift '..... .06 

I Powder funnel .10 

I Mallet .13 

I Oiler .06 

I Priming-tool, with spindle and six pins 2.10 

I Reloading punch, for rifle shell . .60 

I Reloading punch, for carbine shell .60 

I Reloading punch, for revolver shell ........ .50 

I Resizing punch .34 

I Shell scraper .15 

I Wiping-rod .15 

I Tool-box, and cotton waste 1.89 

Total ^14.00 

Prices are based on a lot of fifty sets made in the fiscal year 1 901. 

The list for the 45 cal. is included, as some troops 
may not change to the 30 cal. for some time. 

CARE AND PRESERVATION 

The tools should be used only for the purpose 
intended, and with great care ; with proper use they 
will last for many thousand rounds. 

After use they should be cleaned, using the 
wiping rod and clean oily rags, or cotton waste 
lubricated with cosmoline or parafifine oil, and kept 



2 4 The Rifle Gallery 

in a dry place. Never scour or polish them with any 
gritty substance. 

The resizing die is slightly smaller than the 
average rifle chamber. To prevent undue wear of 
its inner surface, the outer surface of the shell must 
be cleaned and slightly oiled before resizing. 

Equal care should be exercised with the loading 
and crimping die The slight contraction of its 
interior diameter, which does the crimping can be 
very easily worn so as to render the die worthless for 
this purpose. The end surface of this die and the 
shoulder surface of the reloading punch should be 
kept clean and free from the lubricant of the bullets 
to insure, by their contact, the proper total length of 
the cartridge. 

The loading and crimping die will serve to gauge 
and inspect the finished work. If all cartridges 
enter it fully they will give no trouble in the 
chamber of the arm. 

RELOADING OPERATIONS 

The order of operations is as follows : 
Extract the primer, wash and wipe dry the shell, 
inspect the shell, lubricate the body slightly, keep- 
ing the interior head and the pocket free from grease, 
resize, scrape out the burr from the mouth, prime, 
load, crimp, and lubricate. The priming tool for the 
.30 caliber shell, with priming extracting spindle, 
and primer inserting spindle can be used in priming 
and decapping the .45 caliber shells. 

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS 

Never reload except under the supervision of a 
competent officer. 

Never attempt to prime a loaded shell. 



% 



Its Construction and Use 25 

Never attempt to load a primed shell except with 
the tools provided to render the operation a safe one. 

Clean shells soon after firing, and preserve from 
dirt or injury all those reserved for reloading. 

Inspect all shells after cleaning, and reserve for 
reloading only those showing no defect or injury. 
Reject all that show a crease or line partly or wholly 
around the shell near its base. 

Grease slightly, . and resize every shell before 
loading. 

Grease well every reloaded cartridge before firing. 

The latter precaution tends to prolong the life of 
the shell in reloading. 

When fired dry or only partially lubricated there 
is a tendency to early rupture of the shell ; and the 
same effect may be due to too great a cartridge-head 
space in the arm, from wear of breech mechanism, 
even when the shell and chamber are lubricated. 
The conditions most fatal to the durability of the 
shell are a dry, clean chamber and shell, with the 
body of the latter near the head, slightly lubricated. 
Under these conditions some shfells will show signs 
of rupture on the first round. 

The foregoing lists make no mention of a bench 
loading tool, although the Department issues them. It 
is much more desirable to use this kind instead of 
the hand loader, as the work can be more rapidly 
and satisfactorily done. 

The Ideal Manufacturing Cojnpany, of Hartford, 
Conn., manufactures the Universal powder measure 
No. I, listed at $2.50, which in some respects is 
superior to the one issued by the Department, and its 
use is recommended as a means of securing uniformity 
in loading. They also have in stock a tool known as 
an Indenter, which it is important to have. It is 
listed at $\.2^. 



26 



The Rifle Gallery 



With the Indenter, any ordinary shell for the 30 
cal. rifle can be made available for gallery use by 
placing an indentation at the proper distance in the 
neck to prevent the ball from falling into the main 
portion of the shell. This tool will make shells fired 
on the range useful for gallery purposes. The 
regular gallery shell is provided with a cannelure 
about 5-16 of an inch from the opening in the neck. 




GALLERY SHELL 



With round balls for the 30 cal. rifle at seventy-five 
cents per thousand, it is scarcely worth while to 
mould them, yet it would be well to include a mould 
in the outfit. The balls must be carefully examined 
before using them, as many are found to be imper- 
fect. All such should be rejected, as those which 
are irregular will not shoot accurately. 

Sometimes the balls do not fit the shells tight 
enough to be held in place. Remedy this defect by 
giving them another coating of Japan wax lubricant, 
using the strainer *'d" shown in the list of tools, 
for this purpose. The first cost of material for a 
thousand rounds of ammunition is shown in the list. 
Subsequent loading will be a very small item as the 
cases or shells will, with proper care, last a long 
time. When practicing have a bucket of water 
placed at the firing point and require that the shell 
as soon as fired be thrown in the water After taken 
out they should be thoroughly dried by heat and im- 
mediately decapped. Use the brushwiper "J" to 



Fts Construction aiid Use 27 

remove the sediment in the shells. They are then 
ready to prime. 

See that the reloader is provided with a funnel 
shaped mouth of a size to fit in the 30 cal. shell so as 
to insure all of the powder falling therein. An ex- 
pert loader will hold in his left hand five or six 
shells in which he will place the powder, then he 
will set the shells on a piece of rubber }{ inch thick, 
6 X 6, place a ball in the mouth of each, and with a 
hard wood mallet, tap them into place. The shells 
are now ready for service. 

For the 30 caliber the proper charge for gallery 
work up to 75 feet is 3^ grains of ''Unique" 
powder, manufactured by the Laflin & Rand Powder 
Company. The charge may be varied to meet the 
required distances. While the primer issued by the 
Government gives good results, the U. M. C. primers 
8>^and 95^ and the Winchester No. 3 W. appear to 
be slightly stronger and their use is recommended. 

The gallery charge for the 45 caliber shell should 
be a 146 grain round lubricated ball, with three 
grains of "Unique" powder. The No. 3 W. Win- 
chester or 8>^ or9>^ U, M. C. primer should be used. 

To obtain regular shooting it will be necessary to 
place a wad of card board or heavy pulp paper over 
the powder to prevent the lubricant on the ball from 
coming in contact with the powder, thereby destroy- 
ing a part of its strength. 

Occasionally all of the powder in the shell does 
not burn, causing less force to be exerted on the ball. 
This is due to the fact that the muzzle of the rifle is 
depressed so that it falls down against the ball. 
Hold the rifle so the breech will be down, and a 
gentle tap while in that position will place the 
powder where it will receive the full strength of the 



28 The Rifle Gallery 

primer, which will insure complete combustion and 
uniform shooting. 

The elevation on the sights for the 30 caliber rifle for 
gallery work at 75 feet is from 300 to 400 yards ; that 
for the 45 caliber Springfield is one hundred yards. 
The same elevation is maintained in all gallery shoot- 
ing. The positions assumed represent the different 
distances. These elevations are not arbitrary. The 
soldier should ascertain that which is suited to his 
peculiarities and make a record for future use. 

After firing a score, see that the rifle is thoroughly 
cleaned before returning it to the rack. A most ex- 
cellent preparation for cleaning and preventing rust 
is made from a mixture of two-thirds coal oil to one- 
third of cosmoline oil. It is a safe plan to oil the 
rifle both inside and out after every handling, 
whether it be fired or not. 

The Ordnance Department U. S. furnish the fol- 
lowing suggestions for cleaning and care of the arm. 

*'As the residuum of smokeless powder, if not com- 
pletely removed, corrodes the bore in a short time, 
care is required in cleaning the arm after firing. 

*'To clean the barrel, insert in the chamber a car- 
tridge shell, the front end of which has been filled 
with a wooden plug, and close the bolt ; clean the 
bore with rags saturated with soda water, or, if that 
is not attainable, with water; wipe thoroughly dry 
with clean rags ; remove the bolt and cartridge shell ; 
clean and dry the chamber, from the rear, in the 
same manner ; finally oil both chamber and bore with 
cosmoline oil, leaving a light coating. When the 
jointed rod is used, remove the bolt, clean half of the 
bore from the muzzle and the remainder through the 
receiver, as above prescribed. 

*'If gas escapes at the base of the cartridge, it will 
probably enter the well of the bolt through the 



Its Construction and Use 29 

Striker hole. In this case the bolt mechanism must 
be dismounted, and the parts and well of the bolt 
thoroughly cleaned. Before assembling the bolt 
mechanism, the firing pin, barrel, and undercuts of 
sleeve, body of striker, well of bolt, and undercut of 
bolt collar should be lightly oiled. 

' 'Many parts can generally be cleaned with dry rags ; 
all parts after cleaning should be wiped with an oiled 
rag. The best method of applying oil is to rub 
with a piece of cotton upon which a few drops of 
oil have been placed, thereby avoiding the use of an 
unnecessary amount of oil ; this method will, even in 
the absence of the oiler, serve for the cams of the 
cocking piece, bolt, gate lug, and carrier, and the 
bearing of the magazine spring of the gate hinge, 
all of w^hich should be kept lubricated. 

"Any part that may appear to move hard can 
generally be freed by the use of a little oil. 

''The stock and hand guard may be coated with raw 
linseed oil and polished by rubbing with the hand." 

No further description being necessary in the 
matter of the gallery and its appurtenances, the 
task of instructing the soldier in all the important 
branches of sighting and aiming drills must now be 
taken up so that he may commence the gallery work 
intelligently. 

These exercises are interesting and are calculated 
to attract the soldier,* and while they may be looked 
upon lightly by some, their importance cannot be 
overestimated. 

The success which will attend the efforts of the 
Company officers in imparting these instructions, 
will depend largely upon the amount of energy 
bestowed and the degree of enthusiasm with which 
they enter upon the subject. 

The theory should be first understood by them and 



30 



The Rifle Gallery 




Fi^.2. 

Full Si^ht 



HatfSi§ht. 



in practice they should display a degree of proficiency 
which will at once impress the soldier. After the 
officers have prepared themselves to impart the in- 
structions, they should requif^-6very- man* in the 
Company to undergo the system laid down in the 
U. S. Army Firing Regulations which will be found 
briefly but plainly set forth in this book. Because 
a man is a fairly good shot with the rifle, and claims 
to know the practical end of it, is no reason for his 
being excused from the drill. If he carefully notes 
the instructions, he may for the first time discover 
how or why some of his shots which he thought 
were pulled for a bullseye, resulted in a magpie or 
an outer. 

The sighting drill is the only thing which will 
make his errors apparent, and, as it is the basis of, 
and embodying as it does, the first great principle 
of marksmanship, it must be understood and mas- 
tered to attain success with the rifle. 

Previous to commencing this drill, a tripod, or 
some form of rest for the rifle must be provided, 
on which is placed a bag of sand, or some other 
substance which will admit of the rifle resting 
securely so that it may be moved or pointed in 
any desired direction. 

A blackboard can also be made useful for this 
branch of the instruction, for on it, or in some 
other manner, an exaggerated diagram should be 
drawn representing the sights of the rifle, show- 
ing the various forms of sight which can be 
taken in aiming, so as to be thoroughly explained 
to the soldier before commencing the drill. 

The coarse, the fine, and the half or medium 
sight should be drawn, showing the position of 
the bullseye as it should appear when looking 
through or over the notch of the rear sights. 
See Fig. 2 plate G. 



Fine Sight 



T 



Its Construction and Use 31 

The soldier should be informed that the proper 
amount of front sight to be taken varies somewhat 
with the differences in light and is also affected by 
the peculiarities of individual eyesight. He should 
also be cautioned that regular results in firing can 
only be obtained when the sight is so taken as to 
give to the front sight, as seen through the notch or 
aperture of the rear sight, a uniform appearance. 

To obtain the necessary regularity in shooting, 
one of the three forms should be adopted and 
adhered to. 

The coarse sight is liable to cause lack of 
uniformity, and the fine sight, except when the light 
is strong, cannot be taken with accuracy. The half 
sight not requiring so much light as the fine, and the 
horizontal line on the top of the notch of the rear sight 
affording a guide for regularity, should by most men 
be adopted. The same principle obtains in the use 
of the aperture or peep sight. 

A shot fired when the sight is held to the right of 
the centre of the notch or aperture will cause it to 
strike to the right of the bull, while the reverse will 
be the case when held to the left. 

A coarse sight will have the effect of causing a 
shot to strike high or above the bull, a fine sight 
resulting in a shot correspondingly low. 

With these principles clearly understood, the 
soldier is ready to proceed with the sighting drill. 

For this purpose the sandbag rest should be located 
about 20 feet from a wall, with the rifle on it pointed 
at a sheet of white paper placed thereon, and about 
on a level with the piece. The instructor will direct 
the marker to place a black paster in a position 
where it can be easily aimed at, and when he has 
carefully sighted the rifle he will require each soldier 
to approach and place his eye so as to observe the 



32 The Rifle Gallery 

manner in which the sights are aligned with the 
object aimed at. He will question each as to the 
character of sight and explain any error in judgment. 

After completing this exercise the soldier should 
be required to sight the rifle himself and inform the 
instructor of the character of sight taken, which if 
correct and apparently understood, he is ready to 
demonstrate by the next exercise that he possesses 
the required qualifications to become a soldier. 

For the purpose of this instruction use a black 
disk Yq, inch in diameter attached to the end of a 
rod about one foot in length, so mounted that the 
under side will rest perfectly flat against the paper. 
There must be a hole in the centre of the disk large 
enough to admit the point of a lead pencil. With 
this, the marker who is stationed at the paper which 
represents the target, will, by request of the soldier, 
move it in any direction, being governed by the 
motion of the soldier's hands until the disk is 
brought to that point in line with the sight, where 
it rests directly at its lower edge, in the manner 
recently explained to him. When satisfied that the 
aim is correct he will call to the marker, MARK ! 

The marker will be careful to insert the point of a 
lead pencil in the centre hole and make a distinct 
mark. The soldier will straighten himself, and 
when ready will resume his position without touch- 
ing the, rifle and repeat the exercise for the second 
and third time. 

The instructor will now take the soldier to the 
target and show him the effect of his aim. To make 
whatever irregularity there may have been the more 
apparent, he will with a pencil draw a line connect- 
ing the three shots, and the triangle formed will 
indicate the degree of regularity of his sighting. 
If the result was like Fig. i, Plate G, it would 



. Its Construction and Use 33 

indicate that the top mark was taken with a coarse 
sight, the bottom with a fine, and the one to the left 
a half sight, but to the left of the centre. Fully 
explain the defects and have the soldier make another 
trial. In fact he should be kept at the exercise until 
he is able to group his aim within a % inch circle. 

This exercise may be continued with beneficial 
results after the soldier has become familiar with the 
sighting drill and for the convenience of those who 
care to continue the exercise, a tripod or some handy 
support for the rifle should be kept in the Armory 
where the men could avail themselves of its use. 

Having established his right to proceed in the 
drills, the soldier is now ready for the position and 
aiming exercises. 

"These drills are intended to exercise the muscles 
of the arms, to teach the proper methods of holding 
the piece and to give the soldier, whether standing, 
kneeling or lying down, a perfect command of his 
rifle and an unconstrained position of the body ; also 
to teach steadiness both of person and rifle, and to 
establish between the hand and the eye such a prompt 
and intimate connection as will assure the finger 
acting on the trigger at the proper moment without 
causing any derangement of the direction of the 
piece. " 

It is not the intention of this book to fully set 
forth in all its details the instructions embodied in 
the Regulations for the Army relative to gallery prac- 
tice, but to introduce the general principles, and lay 
before the soldier in an abbreviated form, all that 
will be necessary to qualify him for such practice 
and leave a firm foundation for work on the range. 

The instructor should inform the soldier that 
there are but four positions recognized in firing, viz., 
standing, kneeling or sitting, and prone. 



The standing position is for all practice up to and 
including 200 yards, the kneeing or sitting at 300, 
and for all other distances the prone is to be used. 

The positions required in gallery practice are the 
same as used on the range. 

Plates II, Fig. i ; II, Fig. 2 ; III, Fig. i ; III, Fig. 
2 ; IV, Fig. I ; IV, Fig. 2, are introduced for the 
purpose of showing the various standing positions 
which may be assumed in firing. The soldier must 
be impressed with the necessity of standing erect 
and facing the targets, until the order to commence 
firing is given. He should then bring his right foot 
to the rear, from 6 to 10 inches, so as to stand 
firm, facing half right. Bring the piece to the 
shoulder and up to a height which makes it un- 
necessary to bend the head but slightly forward to 
bring the eye in line of sight. The piece will rest 
better if the elbow of the right arm is slightly elevated. 

PLATE II. 







Fig. I.— Firing Standing— Body Rest, 



PLATE II. 




Fig. 2.— Firing Standing— Body Rest* 



PLATE III. 




Fig. I. — Firing Standing — Half Arm Extension. 



PLATE III. 




tWI -* 






PLATE IV. 



Fig. 2.— Firing Standing— Half Arm Extension, 




Fig. i. -Firing Standing— Full Arm Extension. 



Its Construction and Use 



37 



PLATE IV 



Pa^ 




The manner of holding the rifle with the left hand, 
whether with the arm extended or with it against the 
body, is purely a matter of individual preference. 
All of the positions should be tried and the one 
found to be the most comfortable, adopted. 

Good shooting cannot be done in a constrained 
position. 

After having determined how the piece is to be 
held the practice of snapping should be encouraged 
before any firing is done. Holding the piece will 
soon cause fatigue, as it brings into play a new set 



38 The Rifle Gallery 

of muscles. An important part of the practice con- 
sists in educating these muscles so as to prevent 
fatigue. 

Not until after the soldier has been drilled in 
sighting and snapping at the target should he be 
permitted to fire. 

The above suggestions, while referring particularly 
to the 200 yard or off hand positions, apply with 
equal force to the subsequent training. For 300 
yard work the kneeling or sitting position is required. 




Except for volley firing the kneeling position is 
very little used, as better results are obtained by 
assuming the sitting position. See Plates V, Fig. i; 
V, Fig. 2 ; VI, Fig. i ; VI, Fig. 2. The figures so 
clearly show how these positions may be assumed 
that an extensive description of them is unnecessary. 



Its Construction and Use 



39 




PLATE VI. 




Fig. I.— Firing Sitting Down, 



40 The Rifle Gallery 



PLATE VI. 



^^ 



^ffpm 



Fig. 2.— Firing Sitting Down. 



A very convenient position not shown in the plates 
may be assumed by a person of spare build by plac- 
ing the left arm over the left knee and aiming the 
rifle over the elbow where it rests on the knee-joint, 
holding the piece only by the right hand, with the 
left grasping the wrist of the right. Some catch hold 
of the sleeve. This position is assumed by most of 
the expert range shots. 

The prone position is the easiest and most com- 
fortable of any required of the soldier in target 
practice, and is shown in Plate VII, Figs, i and 2. 
It is assumed by lying flat, face downward with the 
legs spread well apart with toes turned outward. 
Some prefer to cross their legs. This feature should 
be left to the individual preference of the soldier. 
The legs should be inclined well to the left, so that 



Its Construction and Use 



41 



in aiming the piece it points at an angle of about 
thirty degrees with the body. It should never be 



PLATE VII. 




Fig. I. — Firing Lying Down. 




Fig. 2. — Firing Lying Down. 

fired unless pointing somewhat obliquely to the body 
as the recoil from a full charge fired otherwise is 
liable to painfully injure the shoulder. 

To assist in securing greater steadiness in aiming, 
the use of the gun sling is suggested. The new 
firing regulations of the Army permit its use at any 
distance, provided it is not detached from the swivel 
of the lower band and the butt swivel. Formerly it 
was only permitted to be used at the mid and long 
ranges. 

Impress upon the soldier the importance of sight- 
ing, aiming and position drills. 

He should practice them until he obtains the 



42 Tlie Rifle Gallery 

mastery of his piece so that he can aim and hold it 
steadily and pull the trigger at the proper moment. 
There is but little time to devote to such instruction 
on the range when ordered there for class practice. 
Briefly and in conclusion, remember the following 
points, as they are essential to good marksmanship. 
Aim at the lower edge of the bullseye, leaving a 
slight margin of white to be seen between it and the 
front sight and always take the same amount of sight 
both front and rear. Learn the trigger pull, and 
pull it gradually, never with a jerk. When ready 
to fire take a long breath, and if aim be steady pull 
the trigger before beginning to tire. Take the gun 
down if not satisfied with aim. Better take more 
time and not throw away a shot. The regulation 
trigger pull for the 45 caliber rifle is 6 lbs., that for 
the 30 caliber, 3 lbs. 

After the soldier has become familiar and accus- 
tomed to the gallery, effort should be made to retain 
his interest, and this can best be done by adopting a 
schedule of practice and qualification, and the intro- 
duction of competitions between teams and indi- 
viduals. 

General Orders No. 20, issued for the guidance of 
the National Guard of the District of Columbia is 
given, that an idea may be gained of the importance 
attached to gallery practice, and for the further sug- 
gestions which it may contain for the benefit of those 
contemplating the introduction of gallery work. 

GENERAL ORDERS No. 20. 
Headquarters District of Columbia Militia, 
Washington, D. C, December 4, ig02. 
L Gallery practice for the ensuing year will be 
conducted as follows : 

a. A full score will consist of five shots each at 



Its Construction and Use 43 

200 yards standing, 300 yards kneeling or sitting, 
and 500 yards and 600 yards lying prone. Two 
full scores will be required, making forty shots in ail. 

b. Gallery qualifications shall be not less than 80 
per cent, of the possible score, but scores made in 
the 'gallery will in the future not be considered in 
connection with classification. They will, however, 
be reported on the annual report of target firing. 

c. Any officer or soldier who fails to make 50 per 
cent, of the possible score in the gallery will not be 
permitted to fire a score for qualification on the 
range. 

d. A copy of all scores will be kept by the card- 
record system, and to enable this to be done 
Inspectors of Rifle Practice will furnish the Super- 
intendent of the gallery with a copy of all scores 
made in voluntary and ordered practice. 

e. Company commanders will see that all recruits 
are thoroughly taught the sighting, position, and 
aiming drills before permitting them to appear with 
the company for gallery practice. They will also 
regularly practice their companies in those drills, in 
their armories, at least fifteen minutes on each com- 
pany drill night during the months of January, Feb- 
ruary, March, and April, 1903, reporting the same on 
their monthly drill and parade reports. 

II. The following schedule for gallery practice 
will be observed for the months of January, Feb- 
ruary, March, and April, 1903, during which period 
the prescribed practice will be completed : 

The I St Battalion and ist Separate Battalion will 
practice in the gallery at their armories, under 
schedules to be prepared by the Battalion Com- 
manders. 

2d Battalion, first and second Thursdays of each 
month. 



44 The Rifle Gallery 

3d Battalion, second Saturday of each month. 

4th Battalion, first and second Tuesdays of each 
month. 

5th Battalion, first and second Mondays of each 
month. 

6th Battalion, first and second Wednesdays of 
each month. 

Engineer Corps, first and second Wednesdays of 
each month. 

Naval Battalion, first and second Fridays of each 
month. 

The general staff, the field and staff officers, and 
noncommissioned staff of regiments and battalions, 
the fourth Wednesday of each month. 

The line officers of the First Regiment and Naval 
Battalion, third Thursday of each month. 

The line officers of the Second Regiment, third 
Friday of each month. 

III. Volley firing will follow the individual prac- 
tice at each range, three volleys being fired by each 
company, kneeling; time limit, forty seconds. A 
proper record of the results, to be entered in the 
Company Target Record Book, will be certified by 
the Inspector of Rifle Practice and included in the 
annual report of known-distance target practice. 

At the end of the gallery season a trophy, to be 
held for the year, will be awarded the company 
making the highest average in volley firing. The 
score of no company will be considered in connection 
with the competition where less than 60 per cent, of 
its members participate in the firing. The Inspector 
of Rifle Practice will require a certificate from the 
company commander as to the number of men on the 
rolls of the companies which announce themselves 
in the competition. 

IV. Companies will be reported at the Rifle 



Its Const7iiction and Use 45 

Gallery promptly at 8 o'clock p. m., in undress uni- 
form, armed and equipped. 

V. The Rifle Gallery will be opened every day, 
except Sunday, after December 8, 1902, from 3 to 5 
o'clock p. m., for voluntary practice. Ammunition 
will be furnished on the payment of one cent for each 
round. An inspector of rifle practice will be in 
attendance, and, on request, will certify scores to the 
captains of companies, to be credited as part of the 
required practice. Company commanders may 
obtain permission to use the gallery for target prac- 
tice on unassigned nights by applying to the Super- 
intendent. 

VI. The following rifle matches are announced 
and will be shot in the gallery on dates specified in 
paragraph VII. 

COMPANY MATCH 

Teams of five : Ten shots per man, at 200, 300, 
500, and 600 yards ; to be fired in two stages of five 
shots each. 

BATTALION MATCH 

Teams of ten : Ten shots per man at 200, 300, 
500, and 600 yards ; to be fired in two stages of five 
shots each. 

REGIMENTAL MATCH 

Teams of ten : Ten shots per man at 200, 300, 
500 and 600 yards ; to be shot in two stages of five 
shots each. 

REGULATIONS 

All organizations desiring to compete may do so. 

Each team will be commanded, by a commissioned 
officer. 

The cleaning of rifles between ranges will not be 
permitted. 

In addition to the foregoing matches, there will be 



46 The Rifle Gallery 

a Regimental Team match shot in the rifle gallery on 
December 15, 1902, each team to consist of twenty 
men from the ist and 2d Regiments and ist Separate 
Battalion, each company to be represented ; ten shots 
per man, at 200 yards ; to be fired in two stages of 
five shots each. 

VII. The rifle matches indicated in paragraph VI 
will be shot in the gallery on the following dates, 
commencing at 8 o'clock p. m. 

COMPANY MATCH 

200-yard stage 
Monday, January 19. — Companies A, B, C, and 
D, ist Battalion; Companies A, B, and D, 2d Bat- 
talion ; Company A, 3d Battalion ; Companies A, B, 

C, and D, 5th Battalion. 

Tuesday, January 20. — Companies A, B, C, and 

D, 4th Battalion ; Companies A, C, and D, 6th 
Battalion; Companies A, B, C, and D, ist Separate 
Battalion ; First and Second Divisions, Naval 
Battalion. 

'^00-yard stage 

Monday, February 16. — Companies A, B, C, and 
D, ist Battalion; Companies A, B, and D, 2d 
Battalion; Company A, 3d Battalion; Companies A, 
B, C, and D, 5th Battalion. 

Tuesday, February 17. — Companies A, B, C, and 
D, 4th Battalion ; Companies A, C, and D, 6th Bat- 
talion ; Companies A, B, C, and D, ist Separate 
Battalion; First and Second Divisions, Naval Bat- 
talion. 

S 00-yard stage 

Monday, March 16. — Companies A, B, C, and D, 
ist Battalion; Companies A, B, and D, 2d Battalion; 
Company A, 3d Battalion ; Companies A, B, C, and 
D, 5th Battalion. 



Its Construction and Use 47 

Tuesday, March 17. — Companies A, B, C, and D, 
4th Battalion ; Companies A, C, and D, 6th Bat- 
talion ; Companies A, B, C, and D, ist Separate 
Battalion ; First and Second Divisions, Naval 
Battalion. 

600- yard stage 

Monday, April 20. — Companies A, B, C, and D, 
ist Battalion; Companies A, B, and D, 2d Battalion; 
Company A, 3d Battalion ; Companies A, B, C, and 
D, 5th Battalion. 

Tuesday, April 21. — Companies A, B, C, and D, 
4th Battalion ; Companies A, C, and D, 6th Bat- 
talion ; Companies A, B, C, and D, ist Separate 
Battalion; First and Second Divisions, Naval Bat- 
talion. 

BATTALION MATCH 

200-yard Stage. — Monday, January 26. 

300-yard Stage. — Monday, February 23. 

500-yard stage. — Monday, March 23. 

600-yard stage. — Monday, April 27. 

REGIMENTAL MATCH 

200-yard Stage. — Friday, January 30. . 
300-yard Stage. — Friday, February 27. 
500-yard stage. — Monday, March 30. 
600-yard stage. — Wednesday, April 29, 
By COMMAND OF Brigadier-General Harries : 
THEODORE MOSHER, 

Adjutant- General. 



NOTES. 



In addition to the Ordnance Department remarks, 
on the cleaning and care of the arm, the following are 
suggested : 

I. Clean the rifle after every ten shots by blow- 



48 The Rifle Gallery 

ing down the muzzle and running two rags through. 
This is when you intend shooting other scores. If 
through shooting, blow and rub until the rag ceases 
to be black, then use plenty of oil for the barrel and 
see that the breech mechanism gets its share. Be 
sure to see that the bolt is down when the rifle is 
placed in the rack. 

2. Remember that the gallery is only to teach 
positions and steadiness. 

3. An expert gallery shot soon masters the 
mysteries of the range. 

4. Exercise the muscles of the left arm so they 
will not easily become gun tired. 

5. Riflemen have found it convenient to liken 
the target to the face or dial of a watch. A shot 
striking the centre is called a pin wheel, while one 
which strikes under or over the pin wheel is called a 
6 or 12 o'clock shot of the value the division of the 
target hit may give it. It is desirable that the novice 
acquaint himself with these terms, as he will hear 
only of a 7 o'clock centre, a 2 o'clock bull, or an 11 
o'clock inner or mag. when a shooter speaks of the 
value and location of his shot. 



Its Construction and Use 49 



AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT THE AIMING AND 
SIGHTING DRILL WILL ACCOMPLISH 

As has been previously stated, the importance of 
the aiming and sighting drills cannot be overesti- 
mated. 

The late Major J. M. Pollard, Inspector General 
of Rifle Practice, D. C. Militia, a veteran marks- 
man and an acknowledged authority on rifle matters, 
stated, that "Practice in aiming and sighting, if 
carefully followed, is almost as beneficial as actual 
range practice, only it must be well and conscien- 
tiously done." The experience of the famous Hay- 
maker Rifle team of the Second Battalion of 
Infantry, Maryland National Guard, is cited as an 
instance of the truth of his statement. 

This team, composed of men of fair ability as 
marksmen, visited Chicago in the fall of 1887 to take 
part in the Interstate and so-called International con- 
tests held under the auspices of the International 
Military Encampment Association. 

Under a promise of ample opportunity for range 
practice at Chicago the team left for the West with- 
out having had a single practice over the distances, 
trusting to the six days' work over the range thereto 
place them in trim to meet the flower of the Western 



50 The Rifle Gallery 

National Guardsmen. The dismay and consternation 
of Colonel E. H. Ward well, the team Captain, may 
better be imagined than described, when he dis- 
covered that the range was incomplete and could not 
be used until the day of the opening contest. 

A council was held and the situation discussed in 
all of its bearings. Some were for returning home, 
but the Colonel, knowing what might be accomplished 
through conscientious aiming and firing practice, 
persuaded the council, in view of the fact that the 
Governor expected him to return victorious, to 
remain and make the trial. 

It was decided to have at least one practice a day 
over the distances to be shot over in the match, 
namely, 200, 500 and 600 yards ; accordingly they 
were staked off on the level common immediately 
back of the fair grounds, and handy to the location of 
the camp, and the targets were fastened to the rear 
of the Fair Ground stables. Nearly a riot was pre- 
cipitated by some of the stable men tearing the 
targets down, as they protested that they were not 
going to risk their lives by working in the stables 
while the team fired at the targets where they were 
located. They were soon assured that no harm could 
come to them from the blank cartridges to be used, 
and the practice proceeded without incident save 
that it attracted considerable attention from the 
visitors from the surrounding settlement. 

The team Captain decided that the practice should 
be conducted with all the care which would have 
characterized range work. Shooting partners were 
selected and the coach stationed at the firing point to 
give the necessary information required of such an 
officer. 

The windage and elevation to be used by each in- 
dividual was imparted privately to the statistical 



Its Const7'uction and Use 51 

officer for the purpose of discovering the amount of 
information each possessed upon these important 
points. All pledged themselves to announce the 
exact value of each shot, as pulled, and with these 
details arranged the practice proceeded. It might be 
well to state here thaf an expert rifleman, atmos- 
pheric conditions being fairly good, can call his 
shots, or tell where they should strike the target, 
judging from the way his rifle was held when the 
trigger was pulled. 

The team men fired the ten blank cartridges fur- 
nished them for each distance with all the delibera- 
tion and care which would have characterized them 
in actual practice, and after the day's work was over 
and the result announced, the features of the contest 
were discussed with an unusual amount of interest. 

This daily practice was continued after the arrival 
of the Western Guardsmen fresh from contests over 
their State ranges. They looked on, winked, smiled 
and walked away, talking deprecatingly of the 
chances of the silly Marylanders. The Colonel en- 
couraged his men to believe that they were going to 
win, notwithstanding the great odds which were 
against them. Each team stood on an equal footing 
so far as the condition of the match was concerned, 
as there were no sighting shots permitted. It was 
''blood" from the start. 

The morning of October 12th, the day of the 
match dawned clear and bracing and there was a 
perceptible inclination towards buck fever on the 
part of some of the team, but it soon disappeared and 
confidence was restored when the result of the scores 
of the first two men showed. Haymakers 81, Minnesota 
75, Michigan 74, Iowa 62, with the Indians less 
than 20 points to their credit. They withdrew from 
the contest before the 200 yard stage was finished, as 



52 The Rifle Gallery 

their shooting was as wild as the shooters and dan- 
gerous to residents in the outlying country. When 
the scores at this range were footed up it was found 
that Michigan was in the lead with a total of 368, 
Maryland 364, Minnesota 355, and Iowa 335, but at 
the end of the 500 yard score, victory was conceded 
to the Marylanders, as they were 14 points to the 
good. The confidence was not misplaced, as the lead 
was increased 9 points at 600 yards, and victory 
rested on the banner of the team which had not fired 
a single ball cartridge out of their rifles for ten days 
previous to the match. 

The team Captain and coach was the recipient of 
many congratulations for his plucky and successful 
uphill fight. 

He had won a victory by a conscientious practice 
in aiming, sighting and snapping, as this exercise 
developed and strengthened the muscles to as high 
a degree as though the ball cartridge had been used. 

One feature of the victory was noticeable in the 
fact that the officer whose dummy scores showed the 
largest aggregate in the practice made the highest 
individual score in the match. 



Its Cojisfriiction and Use 53 

LOADING MECHANISM OF THE U. S. 30 
CALIBER MAGAZINE RIFLE 

Through the courtesy of General William Crozier, 
Chief of Ordnance, U. S. A., illustrations of part of 
the loading mechanism of the U. S. Magazine Rifle, 
Model of 1899, are produced for the information 
and instruction of the soldier, with descriptive 
language employed by the Ordnance Department in 
reference thereto, which, in part, appears under the 
following headings. First — the Assembled Parts and 
their Operations. Second — Precautions. Third — ■ 
Dismounting and Assembling by Soldier. 

THE ASSEMBLED PARTS AND THEIR OPERATION 

Most of the operating parts may be included under 
the Bolt Mechanism and the Magazine Mechanism. 

The Bolt Mechanism consists of the bolt, sleeve, 
extractor, extractor rivet, safety lock, firing pin, 
striker, and main spring. 

The bolt moves backward and forward and rotates 
in the well hole of the receiver ; it carries a 
cartridge, either from the magazine or one placed by 
hand in front of it, into the chamber and supports its 
head when fired. The locking lug will sustain any 
powder pressure liable to occur, but if worn by usage 
or upset by excessive pressures the rear end of the 
guide rib will bear on the locking shoulder of the 
receiver, permitting the continued use of the arm 
with safety. 

The sleeve unites the parts of the bolt mechanism ; 
its rotation with the bolt is prevented by its arm 
occupying the opening between the walls of the 
receiver. 

The hook of the extractor engages the rim of 
the cartridge case and retains the head of the latter 
in the countersink of the bolt until the case is 
ejected. The extractor spring, engaging its lip on 



54 The Rifle Gallery 

the receiver, prevents the hook from releasing the 
rim of the cartridge case, when the latter is being 
started from the chamber. The extractor pin holds 
the bolt open for convenience in loading when using 
single-loader fire. 

The safety lock, when turned to the left, is 
inoperative ; when turned to the right, the point of 
its spindle enters the notch in the bolt collar and 
locks the bolt. If turned to the right when the 
piece is cocked, its cam forces the firing pin slightly 
to the rear, out of contact with the sear, so that, if 
the trigger be pulled, the sear, when the trigger is 
released can rise to catch the firing pin, when the 
safety lock is turned to the left, thereby preventing 
accidental discharge. If turned to the right, when 
the piece is not cocked, it locks the firing pin as 
well as the bolt. 

The gun having been discharged, to remove the 
empty cartridge case, reload and fire, the bolt 
mechanism operates as follows : 

To open the bolt raise the handle until it comes 
into contact with the sleeve, then pull it directly to 
the rear until the locking lug strikes the locking 
shoulder of the receiver. 

Raising the handle rotates the bolt. This separates 
the locking lug from the shoulder of its recess in the 
receiver, with which it is brought into close contact 
by the powder pressure. This separation is made 
easy by the slight inclination to the axis of the 
receiver of the vertical planes containing the rear 
surface of the locking lug and the shoulder of its 
recess. 

The rotation also causes the cocking cam of the 
bolt to force the firing pin to the rear, withdrawing 
the point of the striker into the bolt. The rotation 
of the firing pin is prevented by the lug on the 
cocking piece projecting through the slot in the 




^ 






56 The Rifle Gallery 

sleeve into its groove in the receiver. As the sleeve 
remains longitudinally stationary with reference to 
the bolt, this rearward motion of the firing pin, and 
consequently of the striker, will begin the compres- 
sion of the main spring, since the rear end of the 
latter bears against the front end of the barrel of the 
sleeve, and the front end against the rear end of the 
striker. 

When the bolt handle strikes the sleeve, rotation 
ceases, during which the firing pin has been forced 
to the rear by the cocking cam on the bolt until the 
sear notch of the cocking piece has passed the point 
of the sear, the cocking piece nose entered the notch 
in the rear end of the bolt, and the main spring 
partly compressed ; the locking lug will then be out 
of its recess and the guide rib under the extractor. 

When the bolt handle is raised into contact with 
the cam on the cocking shoulder of the receiver, 
a direct motion to the rear will be combined with 
the rotation, so that the cartridge case will be 
started from the chamber by the action of this cam. 

The bolt is then drawn directly to the rear, the 
extractor and guide rib move along the left wall and 
through the opening between the two walls of the 
receiver. The parts are retained in position by the 
cocking piece nose remaining in the notch in the 
rear end of the bolt, and the main spring is partly 
compressed. 

The relative position of the parts of the bolt 
mechanism is then shown in Fig. iii, page 55. 

To close the bolt, push the handle forward until it 
strikes the cocking shoulder, then turn it down until 
it comes into contact with its seat in the receiver. 
As the handle is turned down, the rear end of the 
guide rib, traveling along the cam of the locking 
shoulder of the receiver, will move the bolt forward 



58 The Rifle Gallery 

until the locking lug comes into contact with the 
cam of its recess in the receiver, which moves the 
bolt slightly forward into its closed position. As 
all movement ' of the firing pin is prevented by the 
point of the sear engaging the sear notch of the 
cocking piece, the forward movement of the bolt, 
produced by these cams, completes the compression 
of the main spring, the seating of the cartridge in 
the chamber, and forces the extractor hook over the 
rim of the cartridge case. 

In closing the bolt, a cartridge from the magazine, 
if using magazine fire, or one placed by hand in the 
well of the receiver in front of the bolt, will be 
carried forward into the chamber. The gun is then 
ready to be fired. 

The position then occupied by the parts is shown 
in Fig. 112, page 57. 

When the bolt is rotated so the guide rib is under 
the extractor, the front end of the guide rib engages 
a lug on the underside of the extractor and holds the 
latter against the left wall of the receiver so the 
hook, as the bolt is closed, will enter its notch in 
the receiver and barrel. 

To pull the trigger the finger-piece must be drawn 
to the rear until contact with the receiver is trans- 
ferred from its bearings to the heel which gives a 
creep to the trigger, and then until the point of the 
sear is withdrawn from in front of the cocking 
piece. 

The heel of the ejector rises into its groove in 
the bolt, but just before the bolt is drawn fully to 
the rear, the end of the groove suddenly forces the 
heel down, causing the point to rise in front of the 
bolt and strike the cartridge case. As the bolt is 
closed, the heel rises again into its groove, the 
curved portion of which permits the bolt to rotate 



Its Construction and Use 59 

without operating- the ejector. The upper surface of 
the front end of the ejector is shaped so as to throw 
the cartridge case out of the receiver, upward and to 
the right. 

It is to be noted that, in this system of bolt 
mechanism, the compression of the main spring, the 
seating of the cartridge in and the starting of the 
empty case from the chamber, are entirely done by 
the action of cams. 

The piece may be cocked either by raising the 
bolt handle until it strikes the sleeve and then 
immediately turning it down, or by pulling the 
cocking piece directly to the rear. 

In firing, unless the bolt handle is turned fully 
down against its seat in the receiver, the cam on the 
cocking piece will strike that in the rear end of the 
bolt and the energy of the main spring will be ex- 
pended in closing the bolt instead of on the primer ; 
this prevents the possibility of a cartridge being- 
fired until the bolt is fully closed. 

The opening and the closing of the bolt should each 
be done by one continuous motion. 

PRECAUTIONS 

If it is desired to carry the piece cocked, with a 
cartridge in the chamber, the bolt mechanism should 
be secured by turning the safety lock to the right. 

To obtain positive ejection, and to insure the bolt 
catching the top cartridge in the magazine, when 
using magazine fire, the bolt must be drawn fully to 
the rear in opening it. 

If a cartridge is pushed from the magazine partly 
into the chamber, and then the bolt fully drawn to 
the rear, that cartridge will remain in the well and 
chamber, and a second will rise from the magazine 
in front of the bolt. If the bolt is again pushed 



6o The Rifle -Gallefy 

forward, the second cartridge will strike the first and 
produce a jam. To avoid this always close the bolt 
on a cartridge in front of it to insure the action of 
the extractor and ejector on that cartridge when the 
bolt is opened. 

If a jam occurs, draw the bolt fully to the rear and, 
with the right hand, remove the first cartridge and 
close the bolt ; if the first cartridge has been pushed 
into the chamber, draw the bolt to the rear, with the 
thumb of the right hand push the second cartridge 
back into the magazine and cut it off ; then close the 
bolt on the first cartridge. 

Unless the bolt handle is fully turned down into 
contact with its seat in the receiver, when the 
trigger is pulled the nose of the cocking piece will 
strike against the cocking cam of the bolt, and the 
energy of the main spring will be expended in clos- 
ing the bolt instead of in igniting the primer, 
causing a miss-fire. Care should be taken not to 
raise the bolt handle with the forefinger if the trigger 
is pulled with the middle one. 

It is essential for the proper working and preser- 
vation of all cams that they be kept lubricated. 

DISMOUNTING AND ASSEMBLING BY SOLDIER 

The bolt and magazine mechanism can be dis- 
mounted without removing the stock. The latter 
should never be done except for making repairs, and 
then only by some selected and instructed man. 

TO DISMOUNT BOLT MECHANISM 

1. Draw the bolt fully to the rear, then place the 
piece across hollow of left arm. 

2. Lift the front end of hook of extractor off bolt 
with left thumb, and at the same time turn bolt 



Its Consti'uctiou and Use 



6i 



handle to left with right hand (see Fig. 117). 
bolt can then be drawn from the receiver. 



The 



FIG. 117 




3. Take bolt handle in left hand, back of hand 
down, bolt upside down. Grasp cocking piece with 
right hand (Fig. 118). 

FIG. 118 




cocking 



piece and turn it 
pin can be 



firing 



4. Slightly draw back 
toward the operator until the 
removed from the bolt. 

5. Take firing pin in left hand and bear down on 
point of striker with right thumb until it leaves the 
firing pin ; remove mainspring from firing pin and 
the latter from sleeve. 



62 



The Rifle Gallery 



TO ASSEMBLE BOLT MECHANISM 

1. Observe that the safety lock is turned to the 
left. Reverse the order of the steps of fifth opera- 
tion in dismounting. 

2. Grasp the bolt handle in left hand as in third 
operation in dismounting and the firing pin in right 
hand, extractor uppermost. Insert firing pin in bolt. 

3. Grasp handle of bolt with fingers of both hands, 
bolt directed downward, and with both thumbs on 
the rear of safety lock (Fig. 119), push strongly 
forward and turn to right with thumbs until the arm 
of the sleeve engages the collar of the bolt. 



^afcXi; XocJc. - 




Coding. Kccc. 



Its Construction and Use 



63 



4. Grasp bolt and cocking piece as in third 
operation for dismounting. Draw back and turn 
cocking piece from the operator until its nose enters 
the notch on the rear end of the bolt (see Fig. 1 18). 

5. Take bolt in right hand and introduce it into 
the receiver, keeping the extractor lifted with the 
right thumb (Fig. 120). Turn bolt to right and at 
the same time press strongly with first finger against 
right side of extractor. 

FIG. 120 




TO DISMOUNT MAGAZINE MECHANISM 

1. The gate being closed, engage the flanged head 
of a cartridge case under the lug on the front end of 
the hinge bar head and turn the latter toward the 
gate, out of its seat ; then bear heavily on the gate 
with the palm of the right hand, to overcome the 
pressure of the magazine spring, and, with the left, 
press forward against the lug, drawing the hinge 
bar pin from the receiver. 

2. Remove the gate, magazine spring, carrier and 
follower. 

TO ASSEMBLE MAGAZINE MECHANISM 

I. Hold the piece with right side uppermost. 
Insert arbor of carrier into its hole in receiver and 



64 The Rifle Gallery 

place end of left thumb across magazine to prevent 
carrier swinging into the latter. 

2. Place magazine spring in its channel, convex 
side up, rounded end to the rear, particularly observ- 
ing that the lip at its front end rests in the notch on 
heel of carrier. 

3. Place gate in its seat, lug entering between 
carrier and magazine spring. Remove left thumb 
and at the same time press gate against magazine 
spring with right hand. 

4. Insert hinge bar pin in front hinge hole in re- 
ceiver with left hand, and press gate down strongly 
until the pin can be pushed through gate into rear 
hinge hole. 

5. After the hinge bar pin is fully home, turn the 
head into its seat by opening the gate. 



Its Construction and Use 65 



THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF 
AMERICA, AND THE SCHOOLS 

The National Rifle Association of America, at its 
annual meeting held in the City of New York, on 
Tuesday, February 10, 1903, resolved to take 
action to secure the affiliation with it of colleges and 
institutions of learning of the United States, as it 
was deemed to be desirable to extend its influence 
and further accomplish the ends for which it was 
organized. 

It believes the education of the American youth 
to become expert with the rifle to be most desirable; 
therefore its influence will be extended, limited only 
by its ability to assist in equipping those schools and 
educational institutions which are not now provided 
with the rifle. This move is actuated by purely 
patriotic motives, and it further believes that an op- 
portunity should be afforded the rising generation to 
become useful citizens, upon the broad principle that 
the citizen who is expert with the rifle is a better 
citizen than he who is not, as, at a moment's notice 
he is prepared to defend his State or National Govern- 
ment from enemies within or without. 

At the present time there are eighty-three 
Universities and Colleges in the United States to 



66 The Rifle Gallery 

which Army Officers are detailed as Professors of 
Military Science. Congress has by enactment pro- 
vided for this detail and for the supply of ordnance 
and ordnance stores to assist in the training of the 
yoimg men connected therewith. 

How much or how little of the time allotted to 
this training is devoted to gallery or rifle practice it 
is difficult to ascertain, but it is safe to assert that it 
is a negative feature, when in fact it should be of the 
first importance. 

It would appear from the Statute authorizing these 
details and issues, and the regulations issued by the 
Commanding General of the Army, which appear 
hereinafter, that a larger number of Colleges than 
eighty-three may obtain the benefits of the law by 
complying with the provisions mentioned. 

There are thousands of educational institutions, 
other than the favored ones, which it is believed 
would avail themselves of the opportunity of being 
armed and equipped, if the way was opened for them 
to do so. 

To meet such cases, and to enable the Secretary of 
War, upon proper application, and a suitable bond 
for the care and preservation of the ordnance and 
ordnance stores issued, to make such issues, Con- 
gress will be asked to amend the present law. 

Many foreign countries are giving the subject of 
rifle practice in their schools a large amount of at- 
tention, but there is no better field for this much 
neglected subject than that offered in our own 
country, and yet there are few branches outside of 
routine school work which may be introduced with 
better and more beneficial results than the training 
of the pupils in the use of the rifle. 

The system for such training is set forth herein- 
before in such a plain and comprehensive manner that 



Its Construction and Use 67 

it will appeal to the scholar and retain his interest 
until the desired object is accomplished. 

When this publication was projected, the thought 
of including within its scope rifle instructions to 
schools and educational institutions did not occur to 
the publishers, but when the matter was brought to 
their notice and the great and beneficial results and 
possibilities began to force themselves upon their 
attention, it was seen to be a grand opportunity 
to do a great missionary work in a field which had 
long been overlooked and neglected. 

As the colleges are armed with what is known as 
the Cadet rifle, .45 caliber Springfield, it is pre- 
sumed that no provision will be made for the issue 
in their stead of the new .30 caliber Magazine for an 
indefinite period. Those who have used the Cadet 
rifle speak of its accuracy for gallery and range work 
up to 600 yards as being first class. The Laflin & 
Rand Powder Company in the furtherance of the 
object for which this book is issued will be pleased 
to furnish any other information which may be re- 
quired or deemed to be necessary. 

A letter upon the subject will receive prompt 
reply. 

The law relative to equipping colleges and uni- 
versities is given in General Orders No. 94. 



68 The Rifle Gallery 



GENERAL ORDERS No. 94 

Headquarters of the Army, 
Adjutant General's Office, 

Washington, August g, ig02. 

I. — By direction of the Acting Secretary of War, 
the following laws, regulations and instructions 
governing the detail of officers of the Army at 
educational institutions are published for the informa- 
tion and government of all concerned : 

[As amended by act approved September 26, 1888.] 

"Sec. 1225. The President may, upon the application of any es- 
tablished military institute, seminary or academy, college or uiiiver,-ity, 
within the United States, having capacity to educate at the same time not 
less than one hundred and fifty male students, detail an officer of the Army 
or Navy to act as superintendent, or professor thereof; but the number 
of officers so detailed shall not exceed fifty from the Army, and ten from 
the Navy, being a maximum of sixty, at any time, and they shall be 
apportioned throughout the United States, first, to those State institu- 
tions applying for such detail that are required to provide instruction in 
military tactics under the provisions of the act of Congress of July 
second, eighteen hundred an 1 sixty-two, donating lands for the estab- 
lishment of colleges where the leading object shall be the practical in- 
struction of the industrial classe- in agriculture and the mechanic arts, 
including military tactics; and after that said details to be distiibuted, 
as nearly as may be practicable, according to population. The Secre- 
tary of War is authorized to issue, at his discretion and under proper 
regulations to be prescribed by him, out of ordnance and ordnance 
Stores belonging to the Government, and which can be spared for that 
purpose, such number of the same as may appear to be required for 
military instruction and practice by the students of any college or 



Its Coustntction and Use 69 

university under the provisions of this section, and the Secretary shall 
require a bond in each case, in double the value of the property, for 
the care and safe keeping thereof, and for the return of the same when 
required:" Proinded, That nothing in this act shall be so construed as 
to prevent the detail of officers of the Engineer Ccwps of the Navy as 
professors in scientific schools or colleges as now provided by act of 
Congress approved February twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-nine, entitled *'An act to promote a knowledge of steam- 
engineering and iron ship-building among the students of scientific 
schools or colleges in the United States;" and the Secretary of War is 
hereby authorized to issue ordnance and ordnance stores belonging to 
the Government on the terms and conditions hereinbefore provided to 
any college or university at which a retired officer cf the Army may be 
assigned as provided by section twelve hundred and sixty of the Re- 
vised Statutes. 



An Act To amend section twelve hundred and twenty-five of the Re- 
vised Statutes, concerning details of officers of the Army and Navy 
to educational institutions. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That Section twelve 
hundred and twenty-five of the Revised Statutes, concerning details of 
officers of the Army and Navy to educational institutions, be, and the 
same is hereby, amended so as to permit the President to detail, under 
the provisions of said act, not to exceed seventy- five officers of the 
Army of the United States; and the maximum number of officers of the 
Army and Navy to be detailed at any one time under the provisions of 
the act passed September twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and eighty - 
eight, amending said section twelve hundred and twenty-five of the 
Revised Statutes, is hereby increased to eighty-five: Provided, That no 
officer shall be detailed to or maintained at any of the educational in- 
stitutions mentioned in said act where instruction and drill in military 
tactics is not given: Provided further, That nothing in this act shall be 
so construed as to prevent the detail of officers of the Engineer Corps of 
the Navy as professors in scientific schools or colleges as now pro- 
vided by Act of Congress approved February twenty-sixth, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-nine, entitled **An act to promote a knowledge of 
steam engineering and iron ship-building among the students of scien- 
tific schools or colleges in the United vStates." 

Approved January 13, 1891. 

An Act to increase the number of officers of the Army to be detailed 
to colleges. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That section twelve 
hundred and twenty-five of the Revised Statutes, concerning details of 
officers of the Army and Navy to educational institutions, be, and the 



70 TJie Rifle Gallery 

same is hereby, amended so as to permit the President to detail under 
the provisions of said act not to exceed one hundred officers of the Army of 
the United States; and no officer shall be thus detailed who has not had 
five years' service in the Army and no detail to such duty shall extend for 
more than four years and officers on the retired list of the Army may 
upon their own application be detailed to such duty and when so de- 
tailed shall receive the full pay of their rank; and the maximum num- 
ber of officers of the Army and Navy to be detailed at any one time 
under the pr ivisions of the act approved January thirteenth, eighteen 
hundred and ninety-one, amending section twelve hundred and twenty- 
five of the Revised Statutes as amended by an act approved September 
twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, is hereby increased to 
one hundred and ten. 

Approved, November 3, 1893. 

II. — The following regulations, in regard to the 
detail of officers of the Army at established colleges, 
universities, &c., within the United States, are 
prescribed by the President, under the above laws : 

I. — All institutions, within the meaning of sec- 
tion 1225, Revised Statutes of the United States, 
and of the acts of Congress amendatory thereof, shall, 
for purposes of the detail of officers of the Army as 
military instructors and of the course of military 
instruction to be pursued thereat, be divided into 
three classes, as follows : 

First Class — All schools to which officers of the 
Army, active or retired, may be detailed under the 
provisions of existing law, except schools of the 
second and third classes. 

Second Class. — Agricultural schools established 
under the provisions of Congress of the act of July 2, 
1862, and which are required by said act to include 
military tactics in their curriculum. 

Third Class. — Military schools or colleges, i. e., 
those whose organization is essentially military and 
one of whose primary objects is the acquisition of a 
high degree of military drill and discipline. 

2. — No officer who has not had five years' service 
as such, nor any officer not of the line of the Army, 



Its Construction and Use 71 

shall be eligible for detail as military instructor, nor 
shall any officer above the grade of lieutenant be so 
detailed so long as there are eligible lieutenants 
available ; nor shall any officer on the retired list of 
the Army be detailed in the limited number 
authorized by the act of November 3, 1893, so long 
as any eligible officer on the active list be available, 
except at institutions of the first class, for detail to 
which competent officers on the retired list shall 
have the preference. All details from the retired 
list will, under the provisions of said act, be in- 
cluded in the limited number of details authorized 
by that act. 

3. — Details shall be made, first, from lieutenants 
who have graduated at one of the service schools ; 
second, from those recommended by their regimental 
commanders. After September i, 1903, no lieuten- 
ant shall be recommended by his regimental com- 
mander who has not successfully taken the course at 
an officers' post school. 

4. — Details shall be made to begin with the school 
term and shall be for a period of two years, except 
that in case of retired officers the detail may be for 
four years. 

5. — When an officer is detailed to relieve another 
as military instructor, he shall report at the institu- 
tion to which assigned not less than two weeks prior 
to the departure of his predecessor. 

6. — Applications for the detail of officers must be 
addressed by the president of the institution to the 
Adjutant General of the Army and be accompanied 
by the last printed catalogue and a certificate as to 
the number of male students the institution has the 
capacity in buildings, apparatus, and instructors to 
educate at one and the same time ; the number of 
such students in actual attendance at the time of 



72 The Rifle Gallery 

application, or if the application be made during vaca- 
tion, the number actually in attendance during the 
session immediately preceding it ; and the number 
over fifteen years of age. The certificate must also 
show the grade of the institution, the degrees it con- 
fers, and whether or not it is a land-grant school, or 
a military school as defined in the preceding Para- 
graph II, section i. 

7. — Where a State has more than one school en- 
dowed by the national land-grant, under the act 
approved July 2, 1862, the school which is reported 
by the governor of the State as most nearly meeting 
the requirements of existing law will be held to have 
the first claim to the officer allotted to the State for 
detail at a land-grant college. 

8. — When application is made for the detail of an 
officer of the Army at an institution to which an 
officer had not theretofore been assigned, it shall be 
visited by an inspector or other suitable officer, who, 
after explaining to the president and the faculty the 
requirements of these regulations, shall satisfy him- 
self as to the intention and ability of the school 
authorities to comply with them, and whether the 
general sentiment of the faculty is cordially in favor 
of military instruction as herein required. The 
inspector shall then report to the War Department 
whether such detail should be made. 

9. — Officers detailed as military instructors shall, 
at the end of each quarter, report in writing to the 
Adjutant General of the Army as to the exact com- 
pliance by the school authorities with these require- 
ments of the regulations, for such action as the 
Secretary of War may direct. A similar report shall 
be made annually by an officer of the Inspector 
General's Department, after a careful inspection of 
the military department of each institution, and if 



Its Construction and Use 73 

in any case the report is adverse the military in- 
structor shall be withdrawn. 

10. — No detail of military instructor shall be made 
at any institution which does not guarantee to main- 
tain at least 100 pupils under military instruction. 

II. — Pupils under military instruction shall be 
organized into companies and battalions of infantry, 
the drill and administration of which shall conform 
in all respects to that of the Army. The officers 
and the noncommissioned officers shall be selected 
by the military instructor acording to the principles 
governing such selection at the United States Mili- 
tary Academy, and shall receive their commissions 
and warrants from the president of the institution. 

12. — Pupils organized for military instruction 
shall be known as ''The company (or battalion) of 

cadets of Institution." Upon occasions of 

military ceremony, in the execution of drills, guard 
duty, and when students are receiving any other 
practical military instructions, they shall appear in 
the uniform prescribed by the institution. They 
shall be held strictly accountable for the arms and 
accouterments issued to them. 

13. — At every institution of the first class (see 
Paragraph III) at which a military instructor is 
detailed there shall be allowed a minimum of four 
hours each week during each school term to the 
department of military science and tactics ; at every 
institution of the second class there shall be allowed 
a minimum of five hours ; and at every institution of 
the third class there shall be allowed a minimum of 
six hours. This time shall be occupied as the mili- 
tary instructor, in view of the hereinafter prescribed 
curriculum and such instructions as he may from 
time to time receive from the War Department, may 
deem best. 



74 The Rifle Gallery 

14. — The officer detailed as military instructor 
shall reside at or near the institution to which 
assigned, and when in the performance of his military 
duties shall appear in proper uniform. He shall, in 
his relations to the institution, observe the general 
usages and regulations therein established affecting 
the duties and obligations of other members of the 
faculty. Except at institutions of the first class as 
defined in Paragraph II, section i, he shall not per- 
from any other duties than those of instructor in 
military science and tactics. 

III. — All rules and orders relating to the organi- 
zation and government of the military students ; the 
appointment, promotion and change of officers, and 
all other orders affecting the military department, 
except those relating to routine duty, shall be made 
and promulgated by the professor of military science 
and tactics after being approved by the president or 
other administrative officer of the institution. 

IV. — It is the duty of the professor of military 
science and tactics to enforce proper military discipline 
at all times when students are under military instruc- 
tion, and in case of serious breaches of discipline, 
or misconduct, to report the same to the proper 
authorities of the institution, according to its 
established methods. In case no suitable action is 
taken by the authorities of the school, the military 
instructor will report the facts to the Adjutant 
General of the Army with a view to his being 
relieved from an institution where discipline can 
not be maintained. 

V. — The following is prescribed as the minimum 
course of military instruction, practical and theoreti- 
cal, at all institutions to which a military instructor 
is assigned : 



Its Construction and Use 75 

I. — Institutions of the First Class. 

{a) Practical : 

Infantry Drill Regulations, through the school 
of the battalion in close and extended order. 

Advance and rear guards, and outposts. 

Marches. 

The ceremonies of battalion review, inspec- 
tion, parades, guard mounting, and escort 
of the colors. 

Infantry target practice. 

Instruction in First Aid to the Injured. 

Weather permitting, there shall be not less than 
one parade and one guard mount during each week 
of the school term ; and one battalion inspection and 
review each month. 

In no case shall target practice, to the extent per- 
mitted by the allowance of ammunition, be omitted 
during the school year except on authority given in 
each case by the Secretary of War. 

Target practice on the range should be preceded by 
instruction in gallery practice and at those institu- 
tions where range practice cannot be had, every 
effort must be made to substitute gallery practice 
for it. 

{b) Theoretical : 

The InfantryDrill Regulations covered by the 

practical instruction. 
The Manual of Guard Duty. 
Small-Arms Firing Regulations, Parts I, II, 

and VII. 



76 The Rifle Gallery 

2. — Institutions of the Second Class. 
{a) Practical : 

Same as the practical course for institutions 
of the first class and, in addition — 

A guard shall be mounted five times (weather 
permitting) in each week of the school year 
and the guard shall be practically instructed 
for one hour in the posting and relief of 
sentinels and their duties. 

{b) Theoretical : 

Same as the theoretical course for institutions 
of the first class, and, in addition — 

Ten lectures each year upon the following 
subjects, notes to be taken by the students 
and to be made the basis of subsequent 
recitations : 

Two lectures on the organization of the 
United States Army, including volunteers 
and militia. 

One lecture on patrols and outposts. 

One lecture on marches. 

One lecture on camps and camp hygiene. 

Three lectures on lines and bases of opera- 
tions. 

Two lectures on the attack and defense of 
advance and rear guards and outposts, and 
convoys. 

All of the foregoing to be illustrated by 
historical examples. 



Its Construction and Use 77 

3. — Institutions of the Third Class. 
(<?) Practical : 

Same as the practical course for institutions of 
the second class, and, in addition — 

Light Artillery Drill Regulations in the school 
of the cannoneer. 

Mechanical maneuvers. 

Aiming drill and, where practicable, target 
practice. 

There should be a guard mount and parade 
daily (weather permitting), except Satur- 
days and Sundays. 

One-fourth of the time devoted to practical 
work should be given to advance guard and 
outpost drill, reconnoissances and patrols, 
conducted as prescribed in any work ac- 
cepted by the War Department as a standard 
on Security and Information. 

Instruction in First Aid to the Injured. 

{b) Theoretical : 

Same as the theoretical course for institutions 

of the second class, and, in addition — 
The elements of field engineering to include 
practical exercises in the determination of 
the military crest and the profiling of hasty 
intrenchments for infantry ; the study of an 
elementary work on the art of war. 
VI. — The following apportionment, in accordance 
with the foregoing laws and the census of 1900, 
having received the approval of the Acting Secretary 
of War, is adopted, and details will be made in ac- 
cordance therewith : 



78 



The Rifle Gallery 



Apportionment of details at colleges, universities, etc., under section 
122^, Revised Statutes, and the amendments thereof, based upon the 
number of officers of the Army available for such details. 







Population 












Population 
of States 


of groups 
and of 


Details for 


Details 


by 


Total 


States. 


arranged 
in groups 


States not 
arranfzed 


land-grant 
schools 


population 


details 
due 






in groups 










Ma=ne 


694.466 


) 


f 


) 






New Hampshire . . 


411,588 j y 1,449,695 


i ^ 


\ 


I 


4 


Vermont . . . . 


343,641 1 ) 


i 


) 






Massachusetts . . 


. . . 


2,805,346 






2 


3 


Rhode Island . . . 
Connecticut . . . 


428,556 
908,420 


I 1,336,976 


{ : 


} 




3 


New York . . . . 
New Jersey . . 


7,268.894 
1,883.669 


J 9.152,563 


{ ; 


I 
J 




9 


Pennsylvania . . . 
Delaware . . . . 


6.302,115 

184,735 


1 6,486,850 


{ : 


} 




7 


Maryland . . . . 
District of Columbia 


1,118.044 
278,718 


1 1.396,762 


\ I 

j. . . . 


I 
1 




2 


Virginia 

West Virginia . . . 


1,854,184 
958,800 


[ 2,812,984 


j I 

1 


I 




4 


North Carolina . . 




1,893,810 








2 


South Carolina . . 




^ I. 340. 316 








2 


Georgia 

Florida 


'^ |} -«■«" 


1 \ 


I 




4 


Alabama . . . . 


. j 1,828,697 








2 


Mississippi . . . . 


... 1 1. 551. 270 








2 


Louisiana . . . . 


. . . 1 1,381.625 








2 


Arkansas . . . . 


. . . j 1,311,564 








2 


Texas 


3.048,71.0 i 1 


r 








Oklahoma . . . . 
Indian Territory . . 


i : • ; •' 




3 


4 


New Mexico . . . 


195. 3 'o J 


I . . . . 








Tennessee . . . . 
Kentucky . . . . 


2,020.6.6 1 4^,67,790 
2, 47.174 li ^' '''^ 


( I 


\ 


3 


5 
4 


Ohio 


... 4.157.545 






3 


Indiana 


, . , 2.516.462 






2 


3 


Michigan . . . . . 




2,420,982 
1 6,890,592 






2 


3 


Illinois 

Wisconsin . . . 


4,821,550 
2,069,042 


{ \ 


1 


5 


7 


Iowa 

Missouri . . . . . 


2,23^853 
3,106,665 


} 5.338,518 


1 


} 


4 


6 


Minnesota . . . . 


',751,394 


1 


f I 


1 






North Dakota . . 
South Dnkota . . . 


3T9.146 
401,570 


\ 2,715,439 


\ \ 


\ 


2 


6 


Montana . . . 


243.329 


J 


i I 


j 




2 


Kansas 


. 


1,470,495 






1 




Nebraska . . . . 


1,066,300 


1 1,606,000 


{ ; 


} 


1 


3 


Colorado 


539,700 






Alaska 


63.592 




(-.... 


1 






Washington . . . 


518,103 












Oregon 


413, '<36 












Idaho 

Wyoming . . . . 


161,772 
92.531 


■ 1.691,549 






r 


7 


Nevada 


42. .33 5 


1 










Utah 


276.749 


j 










Arizona 


122,931 


i . . . . 


j 






California . . . . 
Hawaii 


1.485,053 
154.001 


(- 1,639,054 


{...-. 


} 


1 


2 



Its Construction and Use 79 

VII. — The following are the regulations prescribed 
by the Secretary of War for the issue of arms, etc., 
required for military instruction and practice at 
colleges, universities, etc., under section 1225, Re- 
vised Statutes, and the amendments thereof : 

1 . As the appropriations for the supply of ordnance 
and ordnance stores to the Army are very limited, 
and as the language of the law restricts the issues 
that can be made to colleges to such as ''can be 
spared for that purpose, ' ' issues of ordnance and 
ordnance stores to colleges will be limited to arms 
and the equipments and implements necessary to 
enable them to be used by the students for purposes 
of drill, parade, and similar exercises, but not for 
field and encampment purposes. 

2. Only such ordnance and ordnance stores as are 
enumerated in the following paragraphs will be 
issued for the purpose of military instruction to each 
selected college and university having an officer of 
the Army stationed thereat. 

3. The field pieces of artillery, with their carriages 
and implements, will be limited to the following, viz : 

2 muzzle-loading wrought- iron rifled guns, 

caliber 3 inches. 
2 carriers and limbers for 3-inch gun. 
2 gunner's haversacks. 
2 trail handspikes. 
4 lanyards. 
2 priming wires. 
4 sponges and rammers, 3-inch. 
4 sponge covers, 3 -inch. 
2 tube pouches. 
4 thumb stalls. 
2 tompions, 3-inch. 
2 vent covers. 
I pendulum-hausse, 3-inch. 



8o The Rifle Gallery 

I pendulum -hausse seat. 

1 pendulum-hausse pouch. 

2 paulins, 12 by 15 feet. 

4. When in the opinion of the Chief of Ordnance 
the supply on hand will permit, there may be issued 
in lieu of the foregoing two of the 3.2-inch breech- 
loading steel field guns, with their carriages and 
implements, as above. 

5. The small arms issued to any college will be 
the Springfield "Cadet" rifles, similar to those 
which were supplied the United States Military 
Academy at West Point, but in no case will the 
number of rifles issued be in excess of the number of 
male students in regular attendance and actually re- 
ceiving military instruction. 

6. The accouterments to be issued with the Cadet 
rifles will consist of a bayonet scabbard, cartridge 
box, gun sling, waist belt, and waist belt plate. 

7. The service noncommissioned officer's sword 
can be issued for the use of the officers and non- 
commissioned officers of the Corps of Cadets. The 
sliding frog will enable these swords to be worn on 
the ordinary waist belt. 

8. A limited number of cavalry sabers and belts 
(for purposes of instruction only) will be issued when 
satisfactory evidence of their necessity is presented. 

9. Issue of the above stores will be made by the 
Chief of Ordnance to any selected institution upon 
its filing a bond in the penal sum of double the 
value of the property, conditioned that it will fully 
insure, take good care of, and safely keep and 
account for the same, and will, when required by the 
Secretary of War, duly return the same, within thirty 
days, in good order, to the Chief of Ordnance, 
United States Army, or such other officer or person 



Its Construction and Use 8i 

as the Secretary of War may designate to receive 
them. 

10. For practice firing, the following allowances of 
ammunition will be made annually to each of the 
various institutions, viz : One hundred blank car- 
tridges and 300 friction primers for 3-inch, or for 
3.2-inch breech-loading gun, as the case may be. 
Projectiles will not be issued for the field guns. 

11. Ammunition for rifle target practice will be 
issued annually at the rate of 50 carbine ball car- 
tridges (or their equivalent value in reloading 
material, reloading tools, or target supplies) for each 
cadet actually engaged in target practice, but there 
shall not be issued to any college more than 7, 500 
ball cartridges in any one year. Where it is not 
deemed practicable to have target practice, a limited 
quantity of rifle blank cartridges will be furnished 
for instruction in firing. This ammunition will be 
issued upon requisition to be forwarded to the Chief 
of Ordnance by the presidents or superintendents of 
the institutions ; and as annual allowances date in all 
cases from July i of each year, requisitions should be 
forwarded before or as soon after that date as prac- 
ticable for the current year's supply. Undrawn 
allowances of one year cannot be drawn in the 
succeeding year. 

12. The reloading material, reloading tools, and 
target supplies which can be drawn as part of the 
ammunition allowance for target practice are: 

{a) Reloading materials, consisting of — 
Small arms powder. 
Carbine bullets. 
Round balls. 
Cartridge primers. 



82 The Rifle Gallery 

{b) Reloading tools, consisting of — 

I set of hand reloading tools (bench reloading 
tools are not issued to colleges). 
{c) I bullet mould, casting 4 balls. 

I melting ladle. 

I pouring ladle. 
{d^ Target supplies, consisting of — 

Paper targets A and B, and centers for these 
targets. 

Paper targets for gallery practice. 

Pasters, white and black. 

13. When tools for reloading rifle cartridges or 
implements for casting lead balls for gallery practice 
have been issued to colleges, the parts required to 
keep them in good order may be issued when re- 
quested, and charged against the money value of the 
annual ammunition allowance. 

14. All ordnance and ordnance stores issued to 
colleges must be kept insured by the college authori- 
ties for their full invoice value, as shown in the 
bond, and the Chief of Ordnance promptly informed 
when and where the insurance is placed. 

15. The transportation of ordnance and ordnance 
stores from the Government arsenals to institutions 
of learning, and from institutions of learning back to 
Government arsenals, is always without expense to 
the United States. 

16. The colleges to which issues of ordnance and 
ordnance stores are made, under bonds given as re- 
quired by law, will be required to keep said property 
in like good and serviceable condition as when issued 
by the Government, and for this purpose the spare 
parts, implements and appendages necessary for this 
purpose will be sold to them at cost price on applica- 
tion to the Chief of Ordnance. 



Its Construction and Use 83 

17. When ordnance and ordnance stores are re- 
turned to the Ordnance Department by any institu- 
tion of learning, they will be carefully examined 
when received at the arsenal, and if they are found 
imperfect or unserviceable by reason of carelessness 
or other causes than legitimate use in service, the 
damage will have to be made good to the United 
States. 

18. The cost of all missing property must be made 
good to the United States. 

19. When any of the ordnance or ordnance stores 
become unfit for further use the president of the col- 
lege will report the fact to the Chief of Ordnance 
and he will authorize the college to send them to an 
arsenal without expense to the United States. On 
reaching the arsenal the property will be inspected 
by an officer of the Ordnance Department and if its 
condition is found to be due to the ordinary 
incidents of service it may be replaced with ser- 
viceable stores of like character, but if its condition 
is found to be due to carelessness or other than 
legitimate causes the extent of damage or value of 
missing stores will be determined by the Chief of 
Ordnance and must be paid by the college before any 
new issue of stores is made. 

20. The guns and carriages must not be allowed 
to remain out doors with only the paulins as a pro- 
tection from the weather, but they must be housed 
in a suitable shed and habitually kept there except 
when used for drills or saluting purposes. 

21. Regular property returns will be rendered 
quarterly to the Chief of Ordnance by each president 
or superintendent of an institution supplied with 
arms, etc., accounting for all ordnance and ordnance 
stores issued to the institution under his charge. 



84 The Rifle Gallery 

These returns will be made on the blank forms to be 
supplied by the Chief of Ordance. 

22. Failure on the part of any institution of 
learning to comply with the foregoing regulations, 
or any others that may be prescribed by the Chief of 
Ordnance for the care, preservation, or accountability 
of any ordnance or ordnance stores issued to it by 
the United States, will be considered sufficient cause 
for the prompt withdrawal by the Secretary of War 
of the Government property in its possession. 

23. Whenever any institution shall fail to return 
the public property in its charge within thirty days 
after demand made by the Secretary of War, the 
delinquency will be peremptorily referred to the At- 
torney General, that the bond of the institution may 
forthwith be put in suit. 

24. The following is the form of bond to be 
executed previous to the issue of ordnance and 
ordnance stores, viz : 

FORM OF BOND 

Know all men by these presents that we, the Knox College^ located 
at Galesluirg, Illinois, a corporation duly organized under the laws of 
the State of Illinois, as principal, and Clark E. Carr, of Gales- 
burg, Illinois, and Edgar A. Bancroft, of Galesburg, Illinois, as 
sureties, are held and bound to the United States of America in the 
penal sum of "^ eight thousand four hundred and seventy-two dollars and 
ninety cents (^8,472.90), for the payment of which well and truly to 
be made to the Secretary of War, or to such officer or person whom he 
may designate, we do bind ourselves and each of us, our successors, 
heirs, executors and administrators, for and in the whole, jointly and 
severally, firmly by these presents. Given under our hands and seals 
at Galesburg, Illinois, this loth day oi May, A. D. 1888. 

The condition of the above obligation is such that, whereas the 
Knox College is an established college within the United States having 
capacity to educate at the same time not less than one hundred and 
fifty male students, and whereas the said -\college has heretofore applied 
to the President of the United States to detail an officer of the Army to 
act as professor of military science and tactics thereof, and the Presi- 

*Double the value of the property. fCoUege or university. 



Its Construction and Use 85 

dent by virtue of the authority vested in him by section 1225, Revised 
Statutes, as amended by the act of September 26, 1888, has detailed 
such officer to act accordingly; and whereas the Secretary of War by 
the authority vested in him by said section is about to issue to the said 
* college for the military instruction and practice of the students thereof 
the following ordnance and ordnance stores, to wit: 

2 muzzle-loading wrought-iron rifled guns, caliber 3 inches, JJ5450 . . . . ^ 900.00 

2 carriages and limbers, for 3-inch gun, at 5^325 650.00 

2 gunner's haversacks, at $2.20 4.40 

2 trail handspikes, at jgi.io 2.20 

4 lanyards, at 10 cents .40 

2 priming wires, at 10 cents .20 

4 sponges and rammers, 3-inch, at ^t 4.00 

4 sponge covers, 3 inch, at 30 cents 1.20 

2 tube pouches, at ^1.50 3.00 

4 thumb stalls, at 20 cents .80 

2 tompions, 3-inch, at 30 cents .60 

2 vent covers, at 40 cents .80 

I pendulum-hausse, 3-inch 2.50 

I pendulum-hausse seat .60 

1 pendulum-hausse pouch .75 

2 paulins, 12 X 15 feet, at $10.25 20.50 

150 Springfield "'Cadet" rifles, caliber .45, with appendages, etc., at $15 2,250.00 

150 bayonet-scabbards, steel, Cadet, at 81 cents 121.50 

150 waist-belts and plates, at 60 cents 90.00 

150 cartridge boxes, caliber .45, at ;^i.22 183.00 

being together of the value oi four thotisand two Jnmdred and thirty-six 
dollars and forty-five cents ($4,236.45); all of which property, when 
issued, the said "^college hereby agrees to take good care of and safely 
keep, insure and keep insured against loss to the United States, and 
account for, quarterly, on blank forms to be prescribed by the Chief of 
Ordnance, United States .A.rmy, and to return all of said property to 
said Chief of Ordnance, or such officer or person as may be designated 
to receive the same, within thirty days after demand by the Secretary of 
War. 

Now therefore if the said "^college shall take good care of and safely 
keep and insure and keep insured against loss to the United States and 
account for the said ordnance and ordnance stores, and shall when re- 
quired by the Secretary of War duly return the same within thirty days 
in good order to the Chief of Ordnance, United States Army, or to such 
other officer or person as the Secretary of War may designate to receive 
them, then this obligation shall become inoperative and void, otherwise 
to remain in full force and virtue. 

In witness whereof, and in pursuance of a resolution of the ■\boa7'd of 
directors passed on the y?;-.f^ day of yl/^/r, A. D. 1 888, a copy of which 



♦College or university. 

fBoard of directors or other governing body of the institution. 



86 The Rifle Gallery 

is hereto annexed, the corporate seal of said corporation is hereto 
afifixed and these presents duly signed by the "^'president of the college. 

In presence of \ KNOX COLLEGE, 

GEO. A. LAM^J^ENCE, \by AEWTON BAIEMA.W [seal.] 
THOMAS A. BROWN. President. 






In presence of 

ROBERT G. SUTTON, \ CLARLv E. CARR, [seal.] 

CLLAS. E. B ALLEY 



lu presence of \ 

E. A. SKLLLMAN, \ EDGAR A. BANCROET, [seal] 

S. C. HULL. J 

State of Illinois 



OF Illinois, \ 

County of Knox, \ 



On this loth day of May 1888, personally appeared before me, a 
notary public for the county aforesaid, Clark E. Carr, one of the 
sureties named in the within bond, who made oath that he is worth 
eight thousand five hundred dollars over and above all his debts and 
liabilities. 

CLARLC E. CARR. 
Sworn and subscribed before me on the day and date aforesaid, 
GEORGE A. LAWRENCE, 

Notary Public. 



ss. 



State of Illinois, \ 

County of Knox, J 

On this loth day of May, 1888, personally appeared before me, a 
notary public for the county aforesaid, Edgar A. Bancroft, one of the 
sureties named in the within bond, who made oath that he is worth 
eight thousand fiiie hundred dollars over and above all his debts and 
liabilities. 

EDGAR A. BANCROET. 
Sworn and subscribed before me on the day and date aforesaid. 
GEORGE A. LAWRENCE, 

Notary Public. 

I, Elmer S. Dundy, hereby certify that the sureties who have 
signed the foregoing bond are personally known to me, and that each 
is responsible and sufficient to insure the payment of the entire penalty 
named therein. 

ELMER S. DUNDY\ 
Judge of the District Court of the United States 

in and for the State of Illinois. 

*The president or officer authorized to sign for the institution. 



Its Construction and Use 87 

THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE STRICTLY 
OBSERVED IN PREPARING THE BOND REQUIRED 
TO BE FURNISHED THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE, U. S. A. , 
BEFORE ANY ARMS, ETC., CAN BE OBTAINED BY ANY 
COLLEGE. 

25. A copy of the record of the adoption of the 
resolution of the board of directors or governing body 
of the institution, including also the record of the 
resolution itself, authorizing the president to 
execute the bond on behalf of the corporation, 
authenticated by the signature of the secretary and 
the corporate seal, must acompany the bond. 

26. A copy of the charter or articles of incorpora- 
tion, authenticated by the Secretary of State, is also 
required. 

27. The sureties must sign and seal the bond. 
The seal must be attached opposite the signature of 
each person and must be a seal of wax, wafer, or 
other adhesive substance, not a mere scroll with a 
pen. Their names must be written in the body of 
the bond, together with their residence, including 
town, county. State or Territory. 

28. Two witnesses are required to each signature. 

29. There must be two sureties when individuals 
are the sureties. Each surety must make oath that 
he is worth some specific sum, equal to the full 
amount of the penalty, over and above all his debts 
and liabilities. Two persons must not join in one 
affidavit. Each one must subscribe and acknowledge 
his own oath separately. The sufficiency of the 
sureties must be certified to by some United States 
judge or district attorney, whose official character 
must be certified to by the clerk of his court, such 
certificate to be on or attached to the bond. 

30. Incorporated surety companies which have 



88 The Rifle Gallery 

complied with the requirements of the War Depart- 
ment will also be accepted as surety on the bond, and 
in this case only one surety is required. 

31. A college corporation desiring ordnance or 
ordnance stores for the use of the college must 
furnish evidence that some one is authorized to 
execute in its behalf the bond which the law requires. 

32. This authority can only be given by the 
governing body of the corporation, i. e., the body 
invested with authority to employ the faculty and 
make all other contracts in its behalf, and designated 
in the charter of the corporation as board of regents, 
board of trustees, etc., and this body must give the 
authority in the formal way in which it does other 
business, the action taken being recorded as a part 
of the proceedings of the meeting at which it was 
taken. The evidence of this authority required to 
be furnished to this office will be an extract from 
the record of the proceedings of the board of regents, 
or board of trustees, showing that the board met in 
its official capacity, that a resolution was offered 
authorizing some person by name to execute the 
required bond for the corporation, and that this 
resolution was adopted ; and this extract must be 
certified, under the corporate seal, to be a true 
extract from the record of the proceedings of the 
board, by the secretary or other custodian of the 
records. His certificate that the authority has 
been conferred, or that such a resolution was passed 
is not sufficient. The record speaks for itself and 
a copy of so much of it should be furnished as will 
show that it purports to be a record of the board that 
the resolution was offered and that it was passed. 

33. Great pains should be taken to use the name 
given the corporation by its charter and to mention 
in the resolution the particular bond to be given. 



Its Const7'uction and Use 89 

34. It is desired that a copy of the charter be sent 
to the Chief of Ordnance, United States Army, 
Washington, D. C. ; also a copy (accompanied by 
certificate under corporate seal) of so much of the 
record of the election of the officers of the corpora- 
tion as will show the election of the particular officer 
who is to execute the bond. 

In calling for form of bond it should be stated — 

First. If the principals and sureties are in- 
dividuals. 

Second. If the principal is a corporation and 
surety an individual. 

Third. If principal is an individual and surety a 
corporation. 

Fourth. If both principal and surety are corpora- 
tions. 

As indicated above, there are four forms of bond, 
as follows : 

Form K. When both principal and sureties are 
individuals. 

Form L. When principal is a corporation and 
sureties are individuals. 

Form M. When principal is an individual and 
surety is a corporation. 

Form N. When both principal and surety are 
corporations. 

In calling for the blank forms of 
be called for as ' ' Form K, " ' ' Form 

VIII. — In the administration of 
talion the adjutant, assisted by the sergeant major, 
shall keep a letter book, an order book, a roster, and a 
consolidated morning report book. The quarter- 
master, assisted by the quartermaster sergeant, shall 
keep a book containing a record of all issues of 
Government property with the receipts of those to 
whom issued. Each captain shall keep a morning re- 



bond 


, they 


may 


L, " etc. 




each 


cadet 


bat- 



90 The Rifle Gallery 

port book and, where necessary lor the regulation of 
duty, a roster. At institutions of the third class the 
morning report shall be made out by the captains 
daily ; at the other institutions on drill days or when 
the cadets are ordered to parade. 

IX. — The professor of military science and tactics 
shall render a quarterly report to the Adjutant 
General of the Army of the whole number of under- 
graduate students in the institution capable of 
performing military duty, the number required by 
the institution to be enrolled as military students, 
the average attendance at drills, the number absent, 
and number and kind ot drills, recitations and 
lectures, or other instruction had during the quarter, 
and the number reported for discipline. He will 
retain copies of all reports and correspondence and 
transfer them to the officer who may succeed him, or 
forward them to the Adjutant General's office should 
the detail expire. On the graduation of every class 
he shall obtain from the president of the college and 
report to the Adjutant General of the Army the names 
of such students belonging to the class as have 
shown special aptitude for military service, and 
furnish a copy thereof to the Adjutant General of the 
State for his information. At those institutions 
which grade the department of military science and 
tactics equally with the other important branches of 
instruction, and which make proficiency in that 
department a requisite for securing a diploma, the 
names of the three most distinguished students in 
said department shall, when graduated, be inserted 
in the United States Army Register. 

X. — The military department shall be subject to 
inspection under the authority of the President of 
the United States ; such inspections to be made, 
when practicable, near the close of the college year. 



Its Construction and Use 91 

The inspecting' officer shall, upon his arrival at the 
institution, report to the president or other admin- 
istrative officer, in order to obtain from him the 
necessary facilities for the performance of his duty. 

A copy of the report of inspection will be fur- 
nished the president of the institution by the War 
Department. 

XI. — The following are the laws providing for the 
detail of retired officers at colleges, universities, 
etc. : 

Section 1260, Revised Statutes. 

i\\\\ retired officer may, on his own application, be detailed to serve 
as professor in any college. (Hut while so serving, such officer shall be 
allowed no additional compensation.) 

Extract from the act of Congress approved May ^, iSSo. 

That upon application of any college, university, or institution of 
learning incorporated under the laws of any State within the United 
States, having capacity at the same time to educate not less than one 
hundred and fifty male students, the President may detail an officer of 
the Army on the retired list to act as president, superintendent, or 
professor thereof ; and such officer may receive from the institution to 
which he may be detailed the difference between his retired and full 
pay, and shall not receive any additional pay or allowance from the 
United States. 

Extract from the act of Congress approved August 6, 18^4. 

Eroi'ided, That nothing in the Act entitled "An Act to increase the 
number of officers of the Army to be detailed to colleges," approved 
November third, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, shall be so con- 
strued as to prevent, limit, or restrict the detail of retired officers of the 
Army at an institution of learning under the provisions of section 
twelve hundred and sixty. Revised Statutes, and the Act making ap- 
propriations for the support of the Army, and .so forth, approved May 
fourth, eighteen hundred and eighty, nor to forbid the issue of ordnance 
and ordnance stores, as provided in the Act approved September 
twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, amending section 
twelve hundred and twenty-five, Revised Statutes, to the institutions at 
which retired officers may be so detailed; and said Act of November 
third, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and said Act of May fourth, 
eighteen hundred and eighty, shall not be construed to allow the full 
pay of their rank to retired officers detailed under said section twelve 
hundred and sixty. Revised Statutes, and said .Act of May fourth, 
eighteen hundred and eighty. 



92, The Rifle Gallery 

Extract froDi the act of Congress approved February 26, igoi. 

Section i. * * * That section twelve hundred and twenty- 
five of the Revised Statutes, concerning the detail of officers of the 
Army and Navy to educational institutions be, and the same is hereby, 
amended so as to permit the President to detail under the provisions of 
that Act, and in addition to the detail of the officers of the Army and 
Navy now authorized to be detailed under the existing provisions of 
said Act, such retired officers of the Army and Navy of the United 
States as in his judgment may be required for that purpose, to act as 
instructors in military drill and tactics in schools in the United States, 
where such instruction shall have been authorized by the educational 
authorities thereof, and where the services of such instructors shall have 
been applied for by said authorities. 

Sec. 2. That no detail shall be made under this Act to any school 
unless it shall pay the cost of commutation of quarters of the retired 
officers detailed thereto and the extra-duty pay to which the latter may 
be entitled by law to receive for the performance of special duty: 
Provided, That no detail shall be made under the provisions of this Act 
unless the officers to be detailed are willing to accept such position 
without compensation from the Government other than their retired pay. 

The details authorised by section 1260, Revised 
Statutes, as amended by the act approved May 4, 
1880, and by the act approved February 26, 1901, 
will be in addition to the number allowed by section 
1225, Revised Statutes, and the amendments thereof, 
and may be made to incorporated institutions of 
learning of the requisite grade in any State, with- 
out reference to population or to the number of 
officers already serving therein. 

By COMMAND OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL MiLES I 

H. C. CORBIN, 

Adjutant- General^ 
Major Ge7iera/, U. S, Army. 



Its Construction and Use 



93 




REVOLVER PRACTICE 



I do not feel that I should close this book without 
submitting some remarks upon the subject of the 
revolver, as it is becoming so much in use as a sport 
and pastime that it merits at least a passing notice. 

The first thing for the novice to consider, when 
contemplating the purchase of a revolver, is the use 
to which it is to be applied. If it be for offensive 
or defensive purposes, the fine points are not to be 
much thought of. A weapon of large calibre, from 
32 to 45, is calculated to stop your man. The larger 
the better. Very few men hit what they shoot at, 
with this character of weapon, without much 
experience and practice, therefore don't buy one. 
Better depend upon a hickory club if you don't in- 
tend to find out how and where it shoots before you 
have occasion to use it. 

For target work do not squander your money on a 
cheap or inferior weapon, but purchase a 38 or 44, 
Colt or Smith & Wesson. For all around work the 



94 The Rifle Gallery 

Army pattern 38 caliber is tiie best and possesses all 
the merit claimed for them both as to workmanship 
and accuracy. The 44 caliber revolvers of the same 
makes with target sights are the perfection of the 
art. 

After you have made a selection of a revolver, if 
for target shooting, see that the trigger pull is made 
smooth and about 3^ pounds in weight, and above all 
see that the creep is taken out, as a creeping trigger 
is an abomination on any kind of a gun and it 
should be cured at the earliest moment practicable. 
Lose no time in making the acquaintance of your 
revolver, ascertain how it shoots and where you have 
to hold on the target to hit the bullseye. 

Revolvers, like people, have peculiarities and 
must be understood to be appreciated. 

If you are not what may be considered a good 
shot, it will be a good plan to have some well known 
shot fire your revolver for you a number of times. 
If he succeeds in obtaining good results you may 
reasonably expect to do the same thing after having 
practiced sufficiently to get yourself in shape. Not 
having any one to test the gun, you had better com- 
mence your initial shooting at 12 to 15 feet, using a 
target 2 to 3 feet square, which is large enough to 
catch all of the shots and show where you are shoot- 
ing. Try very hard to hold every time alike. If 
you discover that your shots are going high, as the 
tendency is generally in that direction, use a very 
fine sight ; that is, just see the tip of the front sight 
as low down in the V or groove on the revolver frame 
as possible, aiming at 6 o'clock, or bottom edge of 
the bull. If you are still high, and holding well, 
place a black paster at which to aim as low below the 
bull as your shots strike high, this change should 
give you occasional shots in the black. When you 



Its Coust7uctiou and Use 95 

have satisfied yourself as to this distance, move back 
two or three paces, continuing the practice, and so 
continue until you are able to keep on the target at 
the regulation distance. 

It is frequently found necessary, on account of 
shooting persistently to the right or left of the bull, 
to twist the barrel so as to overcome this tendency. 
This should not be attempted by any one not skilled 
in such matters. The sights may also require rais- 
ing or lowering for the same reason. The revolver 
can be made to shoot where it is held ; therefore do 
not condemn it without a fair trial, as you, and not 
the revolver, may be responsible for the poor shoot- 
ing. 

By observing the above suggestions and with a 
little patience and perseverance, the art of revolver 
shooting may be acquired. Resolve in the beginning 
not to be discouraged. Take things easy. You will 
accomplish your ends best by not being in a hurry. 
Grasp your revolver firmly, but not tight enough to 
produce nervousness, and every time alike, and raise 
it to the level of the eye. 

Extend the arm, not at its fullest length, but well 
away from the body, obliquely to the right with the 
left hand on the hip. This is the position assumed 
by many of the best shots and is the most graceful 
and comfortable, and as comfort in shooting is as 
desirable as comfort in any other pleasure or 
pastime, it should be adopted by beginners. 

Do not copy the manner of some shooters, by 
raising the revolver above the head and lowering it. 
I have seen revolvers discharged accidentally by such 
foolish manoeuvers. 

It is not objectionable, however, to lower the 
revolver from say 20 degrees, bringing it down 
gracefully while the arm is extended. This article 



96 The Rifle Gallery 

is not intended to teach old dogs new tricks, for 
many of our best shots have individual peculiarities 
in positions, etc., which could not be changed by any 
amount of argument. 

Beginners in revolver shooting very quickly ex- 
perience an arm tired feeling after firing a few times. 
This will disappear as .soon as the muscles become 
trained. Cultivate the use of the arm in the position 
assumed in shooting, by frequent exercise. Nothing 
is better for this purpose than the use of the revolver 
in aiming at an object and snapping. 

Cultivate steadiness by competition. Shoot a 
match whenever an opportunity offers. There is 
nothing like it for taking off the rough edge and the 
inclination to buck, or the trembles. 

The next best thing to a good revolver is good 
ammunition and one is as indispensible as the other 
to the shooter. 

The U M. C, the Peters and the Winchester car- 
tridge companies manufacture high grades, and many 
revolver shots use the full charge of these manufactures 
for gallery practice as well as range work, yet as a 
matter of economy as well as a desire to know just 
what may be depended upon, large numbers of our 
best shots mould the bullets and load their own 
shells. It is a very easy matter to do this, when one 
is supplied with an ideal outfit. In my own ex- 
perience I have found that for gallery work with a 
ball of 150 grains, and 2 grains of L. 8z R. Bulls- 
eye and 3>^ grains of "Unique" powders, excellent 
work may be obtained. For the range it requires 
3 2-10 grains of Bulls Eye and 4 of ''Unique " 
These charges are for the Smith ^ Wesson 38 
calibre revolvers. For the Colt a heavier charge is 
required to obtain anything like the corresponding 
accuracy. This is due to the fact that the 38 Smith 



Its Constniction and Use 97 

& Wesson is really not a 38, and the ball of that 
calibre requires considerable force to force it through 
the barrel, while the same ball will drop through the 
Colt without apparently touching the insides of the 
barrel. To cause the ball to expand sufficiently to 
take the rifling uniformly under such conditions 
will admit of nothing less that the heaviest charge 
that may be used with safety. On this account I 
think the former revolver the most desirable. 

The regulation distance for gallery target prac- 
tice with the 38 calibre army pattern revolver is 
20 yards, and the targets in general use are the 
standard American, reduced to that distance. This 
gives the size of the outside circle 8^ inches in 
diameter with the values of the shots as follows : 10, 
9, 8, which constitutes the bullseye, with 7, 6, 5 
and 4 for the values of the other rings, shots on 
the target outside of the rings counting 3. The 
Washington Revolver Club, prompted by the desire 
to reduce the cost of shooting to the minimum, had 
the Farrow Arms Co., of Washington, manufacture 
a type for printing the targets, at a cost of $4.50, 
and it has the targets printed on No. 70 pulp, 
cut 83^ X 9)^, at a cost of $3.00 per 1000. 
The saving on this item amounts to consid- 
erable to the club treasury. This club has engaged 
in a number of contests where the difference in 
revolvers made it necessary that there should be a 
handicap, and as there are no definite rules governing 
they have generally been a matter of mutual agree- 
ment. An opinion was asked of Mr A. L. A. 
Hummelwright, of the United States Revolver 
Association, who is an accepted authority on revolver 
shooting, as to the proper handicap for the 38 calibre 
army revolver to allow the 32 Colt 4 inch barrel. 
He states that in a 10 shot match at 20 yards the 



98 The Rifle Gallery 

allowance should be 6 points per man or 4 yards 
in distance, that is 16 to 20 yards even count. The 
advantage of the target sight over the plain is 
deemed to be equal to 5 yards in distance or 6 
points in 10 shots at equal distance. Therefore the 
target revolver should be shot at 25 yards, to the 
army plain pattern's 20 yards, calibres being equal. 
The 44 calibre revolver should allow two additional 
points to the 38 calibre in 10 shots. This is on 
account of the difference in diameter of balls. The 
only fair manner of determining the relative merits 
of skill of shooters is to contest on even terms with 
revolvers of the same pattern, but my advice is, to 
have matches under any conditions, giving or taking 
points if need be, rather than not shoot under match 
conditions at all. 

For out of door practice the usual distances are 
25, 50 ana 75 yards and the targets used are the 
standard American, 8 inch bullseye, or the army 
target A, with the 8 inch bullseye counting 5, the 
centre 4, inner 3, and outer 2. The latter is used 
for military shooting principally. 



CARE OF THE REVOLVER 

If you fail to clean your revolver after each time it 
is used, you are liable to have on your hands a poor 
shooter. A revolver that is worth having is worth a 
few minutes of your time to give it a good cleaning 
before putting it away. Moisten the barrel by blow- 
ing through it after shooting and then use a stiff 
brush to rub out the powdei and refuse, after which 
rub it thoroughly dry with soft rags, after which 
give it a good oiling within and without, using a 
wooden rod for rubbing the interior of the barrel to 
prevent injury to the rifling. 



Its Construction and Use 99 

The preceding remarks are not submitted as em- 
bodying any scientific principle in reference to 
revolver shooting, but they will be recognized as the 
suggestions of a practical enthusiast, anxious to lay 
before the novice a few plain facts which if followed 
will result in affording an occasional hour of pleasure. 



The cuts of firing positions, loading tools, and those relative to the 
action of the U. S. .30 cal. magazine rifle, have been used through the 
courtesy of the War Department. 



M ODERN RIFLE SHOOTING 

FROM THE AMERICAN STANDPOINT 

B Y 

W. G. HUDSON, M. D. 



THE JERSEY GUARDSMAN. 

A blue book by Dr. W. G. Hudson, under the title of "Modern 
Rifle Shooting from the American Standpoint" has just been issued 
from the press of the Laflin & Ratid Powder Company. Ihe book is 
a revelation to the reader, a monument to Dr. Hudson's well-known 
skill and a credit to the progressive concern which has published it. 
If ever there was a book with a blue cover worth reading, it is certainly 
this one. Within its pages may be found a clear exposition of the art 
of handling an American rifle. In language concise, clear-cut and 
graphic, the author tells how to select a gun, how to use it and how to 
care for it, incidentally making public information of ihe utmost im- 
portance not only to the recruit at the ranges, but to the man who has 
been making fours and fives all his life. 

FOREST AND STREAM, June I3, I903. 

"M dern Rifle Shooting from the American Standpoint," by W. 
G. Hudson, M. D , is the latest and soundest contribution to the litera- 
ture of the rifle, both concerning its theory and practice, which has ap- 
peared in many months. 

The work is copyrighted by Laflin & Rand Powder Co., New York, 
and in it is contained more accurate knowledge than the unassisted 
rifleman could acquire in a lifetime 

THE WASHINGTON POST, June 15, 1903. 

This book on "Modern Rifle Shooting" by Dr. W. G. Hudson, is 
designed to furnish to the beginner as well as the experienced rifleman 
information derived from investigation and experience by the author 
which will be of interest and assistance in shooting, both as a sport and 
a defense. 

ROD AND GUN, Canada. 

Dr. W G. Hudson is a recognized authority upon rifle shooting. 

Few, if any, works upon the rifle have contained more 

"meat" than this little work. 

Upon receipt of ^i.oo this valuable work will be 
mailed to any address in the United States or Canada. 



LAFLIN c^^ RAND POWDER COMPANY 

NEW YORK CHICAGO 

DENVER SAN FRANCISCO 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



III 

020 237 075 5 



